Interview - intabyu (English spelling) interview

Japanese: インタビュー - いんたびゅー(英語表記)interview
Interview - intabyu (English spelling) interview

An interview. It is a direct contact and negotiation with a specific individual or group, with the purpose of collecting information necessary for research, diagnosis, testing, interviews, etc., or for the purpose of treating or persuading the interviewee by utilizing the effect that this process evokes in the interviewee. For example, not only are "interviews" used in cases such as corporate job interviews, but "consultations" and "counseling" are also types of interviews.

Interview techniques can be broadly divided into directive interviews and non-directive interviews. The former is one of the main techniques in psychological testing and social research, and ranges from reading out questions written on a questionnaire and recording the answers to determining what questions to ask and leaving it up to the interviewer to decide. It has the advantage of being relatively free of bias from the interviewer, but the information obtained can tend to be superficial. On the other hand, the latter is a method in which the interviewer obtains the necessary information by freely changing the questions depending on the person and the situation, and is one of the techniques for testing and research, as well as a technique for diagnosis and treatment. It makes it possible to learn about the interviewee's inner psychological state and life experiences, but it is difficult to standardize.

[Junsuke Hara]

In the world of journalism, this refers to interviews. In contrast to a regular press conference (interview), where many reporters are present to interview one or two news sources and other interviewees, in an interview, the number of reporters is as small as the number of people interviewing. When there is only one person interviewing, there is also only one listener, and the aim is to make the most of the subtleties of conversation and conduct interviews with a human touch. This allows reporters in newspapers, magazines, and broadcast reports to not only present facts, but also to feature real news sources and witnesses themselves. However, while valuable inside stories are likely to emerge, there are also many cases where the other party requests that they not be made public, making it difficult to make the most of this opportunity.

[Keiichi Katsura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

面接のこと。特定の個人または集団と直接接触して交渉をもつことであり、調査や診断、試験、取材などのために必要な情報を収集したり、またはこの過程が被面接者に呼び起こす効果を利用して、治療または説得したりすることを目的として行われる。たとえば企業の採用面接のように「面接」ということばが用いられる場合だけでなく、「相談」「カウンセリング」なども面接の一種である。

 面接の技法は、大別すれば、指示的面接directive interviewと非指示的面接non-directive interviewとに分けられる。前者は、心理学検査や社会調査の主要な技法の一つとなっており、質問紙(調査票)に書かれた質問文を読み上げ、回答を記録するという形式のものから、質問する事項だけが決められていて、質問の仕方は面接者にまかされるものまである。面接者による偏りが比較的少ないという長所はあるが、情報がともすれば皮相的になりがちである。一方、後者は、相手や状況に応じて自由に質問を変えながら面接者が必要な情報を得ていく方法で、検査や調査の技法の一つであると同時に、診断や治療のための技法でもある。被面接者の内面の心理状態や生活体験を知ることが可能になるが、標準化しにくい。

[原 純輔]

 ジャーナリズムの世界では面接取材をさす。普通の記者会見(会見取材)で1人2人のニュース・ソース、その他の被取材者に対して取材記者が多数臨むのとは対照的に、インタビューの場合は、取材者側も相手と同じぐらいの小人数となる。相手が1人の場合は聞き手も1人となり、会話の妙味を生かし、人間味のある取材を行うことを目的とする。これによって、新聞、雑誌、放送の報道においても、記者が単に事実の提示を行うのみでなく、生身のニュース・ソースや証言者そのものを登場させることが可能になる。しかし、貴重な内輪話が出やすい反面、相手から公表しないようにオフ・レコの指定を受けることも多く、この機会の生かし方はむずかしい。

[桂 敬一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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