Born December 19, 1944. Nairobi, Kenyan anthropologist, environmental activist, and politician. Full name Richard Erskine Frere Leakey. In addition to discovering numerous fossils related to human evolution, he also widely advocated for responsible environmental management in East Africa. His father, Louis SB Leakey, and mother, Mary Leakey, were renowned anthropologists. In 1967, they discovered the Koobifora ruins on the shores of Lake Turkana in Kenya. Over the next 10 years, Leakey and his team unearthed about 400 hominid fossils from the site, making it the site with the richest and most diverse collection of early human remains in the world. Of particular importance is a skull fossil discovered in 1972 that was almost completely reconstructed from more than 300 fragments. Leakey has argued that the skull belongs to Homo habilis, a species with a relatively large brain and bipedal upright posture that lived in East Africa from 2.5 to 3.5 million years ago and evolved into Homo erectus (a proto-human), the direct ancestor of modern humans, Homo sapiens. He served as director of the Kenya National Museum from 1968 to 1989, and in 1989 became director of the Wildlife Conservation Service (the predecessor of the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS)). He was dedicated to the conservation of Kenya's wildlife and nature reserves, and actively worked to prevent corruption within the KWS, crack down on ivory poachers, and restructure security in national parks, but he also made many enemies. In 1993, he lost both legs below the knee in a plane crash. In 1994, he left the KWS due to interference by the Moi government, and helped found the opposition party Safina. He returned to the KWS in 1998-99. He served as Chief Cabinet Secretary from 1999 to 2001. In 2004, he founded WildlifeDirect, a non-profit environmental protection organization that uses the Internet to disseminate information on endangered species and connect environmental protection supporters. His books include The Making of Mankind (1981). Leaky |
[生]1944.12.19. ナイロビ ケニアの人類学者,環境保護活動家,政治家。フルネーム Richard Erskine Frere Leakey。人類の進化に関係する多数の化石を発見したほか,東アフリカにおける責任ある環境管理を広く訴えた。父ルイス・S.B.リーキーと母メアリー・リーキーは高名な人類学者。1967年にケニアのトゥルカナ湖の湖岸にコオビフォラ遺跡を発見した。同遺跡からはその後 10年間にリーキーらの調査隊によって約 400点のヒト科の化石が発掘されており,世界で最も豊富かつ多様な初期人類の遺物が眠る地といわれている。特に重要とされるのは,1972年に発見され,300点以上の破片からほぼ完全に復元された頭蓋骨の化石である。リーキーは,この頭蓋骨はホモ・ハビリスのものであり,比較的大きな脳をもち直立二足歩行をするこの種は 250~350万年前から東アフリカに生息し,ホモ・エレクトゥス(原人類)に進化して現生人類であるホモ・サピエンスの直接の祖先となったと主張してきた。1968~89年にケニア国立博物館館長を務め,1989年に野生生物保護管理局(ケニア野生生物公社 KWSの前身)の局長に就任。ケニアの野生生物や自然保護区の保全に献身し,KWS内の汚職防止,象牙密猟者の取り締まり,国立公園の警備の立て直しに積極的に乗り出したが,多くの敵をつくることにもなった。1993年に飛行機事故にあい両脚の膝から下を失った。1994年,モイ政権による干渉を理由に KWSを去り,野党サフィナの創設に加わった。1998~99年に KWSに復帰。1999~2001年に内閣官房長を務めた。2004年,絶滅危惧種に関する情報発信と環境保護活動支援者の連携を目的として,インターネットを利用した非営利環境保護団体ワイルドライフ・ダイレクト WildlifeDirectを設立。著書に『人類の起源』The Making of Mankind(1981)など。 リーキー
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