The principle that forms the basis of geometric optics. It is expressed as "the path of light traveling between two points is the one that takes the most extreme time of all the geometrically possible paths." Based on this, it is possible to determine the reflection and refraction of light rays at the boundary between media, and the path of light in inhomogeneous media where the refractive index hardly changes at the wavelength of light. In 1661, French mathematician Fermat formulated it and derived the law of refraction. The straight line travel of light in a homogeneous medium is obtained as a special case (hereinafter, the speed of light refers to the product of wavelength and frequency). Now, when light travels at speeds of v A and v B through media A and B that are in contact on a plane, the time it takes for light to travel from P to R to Q is given by (1) in [Kanji Fujii] [References] |©Shogakukan "> Fermat's Principle (Diagram) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
幾何光学の基礎になる原理。「2点間を進む光の径路は、幾何学的に可能な径路のなかで所要時間が極値をとるもの」と表現される。これに基づき、媒質境界での光線の反射・屈折や、光の波長の程度ではほとんど屈折率が変わらないような不均一媒質での光の径路を決めることができる。1661年にフランスの数学者フェルマーが定式化し、屈折の法則を導出した。均一媒質中での光の直進は、特別な場合として得られる(以下で光速という場合、波長と振動数の積を意味する)。 いま光速vA、vBで光が進む媒質A、Bが平面で接するとき、光がP→R→Qと進む所要時間tは、 [藤井寛治] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> フェルマーの原理〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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