In a control system, the output (controlled variable) is fed back to the input (target value) to compare the two, and corrective action is taken to make the two match based on the difference. Even if an unexpected disturbance (including parameter fluctuations in the system) is added, feedback allows for effective correction action. When the target value is kept constant, it is called fixed value control, and when the controlled variable is made to follow a changing target value, it is called follow-up control. The former is often used in process control, and the latter is often used in servo mechanisms. The main design focus of fixed value control is to quickly counter the effects of disturbances, and that of follow-up control is to quickly and stably follow changes in the target. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
制御系において,出力 (制御量) を入力 (目標値) 側へフィードバックすることによって両者を比較し,その差によって両者を一致させるような修正動作を行わせるようにしたものである。予期しえない外乱 (系のパラメータ変動も含む) が加わっても,フィードバックによって有効に修正動作が行われる。目標値を一定に保つ場合を定値制御,変化する目標値に制御量を追従させようとする場合を追値制御という。前者はプロセス制御に多く,後者はサーボ機構に多い。定値制御では外乱の影響を早く打消すこと,追値制御では目標変化に早くかつ安定に追従することが,設計の主眼である。
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