FitzGerald, Garret

Japanese: フィッツジェラルド（英語表記）FitzGerald, Garret
FitzGerald, Garret
Born: February 9, 1926 in Dublin
Died: May 19, 2011. Irish politician from Dublin. Prime Minister (in office 1981-82, 1982-87). Full name Garret Michael FitzGerald. He led the coalition government with the Labour Party as leader of Fine Gael. Born into a revolutionary political family in the early days of the Irish Free State. He studied at University College Dublin and the King's Inns Law School, and in 1959 became a lecturer in economics at the School of Political Science and Economics of University College Dublin. In 1969, he was elected to the Dáil. He later retired from his university position and became Foreign Secretary in the coalition government led by Fine Gael Prime Minister Liam Cosgrave. After the coalition government suffered a major defeat in the 1977 election, Cosgrave handed over the party leadership to FitzGerald. Fitzgerald worked to modernize and strengthen the party from the grassroots level. During his government, he promoted the relaxation of laws on divorce, abortion, and contraception, and made repeated efforts to engage with Protestants in Northern Ireland. In 1985, he signed the Hillsborough Agreement with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, which gave Ireland a say in the governance of Northern Ireland. He stepped down as leader of the party following Fine Gael's crushing defeat in the 1987 election. His main works include "Planning in Ireland" (1968), "Towards a New Ireland" (1972), and "Unequal Partners" (1979).

Fitzgerald
Fitzgerald, F. Scott

Born September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota
Died December 21, 1940. Hollywood, California. American novelist. Full name Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald. He was recognized for his autobiographical novel This Side of Paradise (1920), and was praised as the spokesman for the new generation of the 1920s Jazz Age. He continued to write prolifically, including the short story collection Flappers and Philosophers (1920), Tales of the Jazz Age (1922), the novel The Beautiful and Damned (1922), and The Great Gatsby (1925). However, he wasted his talent by becoming absorbed in the hedonistic lifestyle of the 1920s, and the 1930s was no longer accepting of his literature. This, combined with his wife Zelda's mental illness, led to the collapse of his life. After the poor reception of his feature film Tender Is the Night (1934), he attempted a comeback with a Hollywood-set masterpiece, The Last Tycoon (1941, published posthumously), but it was left unfinished.

Fitzgerald
Fitzgerald, Ella

Born: April 25, 1917, Newport News, Virginia
[Died] June 15, 1996. Beverly Hills, California. American female jazz singer. In 1934, she won an amateur contest and became an exclusive singer for the Chick Webb band. In 1946, she joined Norman Granz's Jazz at the Philharmonic (JATP) concerts, and became the true queen of jazz vocals. She was active until the mid-1980s, and even after undergoing heart surgery in 1986, she returned to singing until 1993. She first visited Japan in 1953. Her hit songs were "A Tiskette a Tasket" and "How High the Moon". She won 12 Grammy Awards and many other awards.

Fitzgerald
FitzGerald, Edward

Born March 31, 1809 in Bredfield, Suffolk.
[died] June 14, 1883. Merton, Norfolk. British poet and translator. Known for his translation of the Persian poet Omar Khayyám's Rubáiyát (1859). He gave dramatic unity to Omar's original poem, a cycle that begins with a morning desire to enjoy every passing moment to the fullest and ends with a sunset lamenting the transience of youth and the approach of death. His other works include Euphranor (51), a book criticizing the education system, Polonius (52), a collection of aphorisms, and the translation of Six Dramas of Calderón (53).

Fitzgerald
FitzGerald, George Francis

Born: August 3, 1851 in Dublin
[Died] February 22, 1901. British physicist. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin (University of Dublin), where he was a tutor (1877) and professor (1881). He developed JC Maxwell's theory and raised the level of physics research at the college. In 1889, prior to H. Lorentz, he gave an interpretation to explain the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment, in which the length of a moving object is shortened in the direction of movement (→ Lorentz contraction). He also presented the view that cathode rays are composed of charged particles smaller than atoms. In 1883, he was elected a member of the Royal Society of London.

Fitzgerald
Fitzgerald, James (Fitzmaurice)

[raw]?
Died August 18, 1579. Castleconnell, Munster. Leader of the Irish rebellion. Brother of the 16th Earl of Desmond. After leading a failed rebellion against England in 1573, he fled to the continent and landed in Ireland in 1579 with the support of the Pope and Spain, but was killed in battle.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1926.2.9. ダブリン
[没]2011.5.19. ダブリン
アイルランドの政治家。首相（在任 1981～82，1982～87）。フルネーム Garret Michael FitzGerald。フィン・ゲール党（統一アイルランド党）党首として労働党との連立政権を率いた。アイルランド自由国の草創期に革命志向の政治家一家に生まれた。ダブリン・ユニバーシティ・カレッジ（ダブリン国立大学）と法曹学院キングズインに学び，1959年にダブリン・ユニバーシティ・カレッジの政治経済学部で経済学講師。1969年にアイルランド議会下院（ドイル）議員に選出された。のちに大学講師の職を退き，フィン・ゲール党のライアム・コスグレーブ首相率いる連立政権の外務大臣に就任した。この連立政権が 1977年の選挙で大敗すると，コスグレーブは党首の座をフィッツジェラルドに譲った。フィッツジェラルドは草の根レベルから党の近代化と強化に取り組んだ。フィッツジェラルド政権では，離婚，妊娠中絶，避妊に関する法律の緩和を進めるとともに，北アイルランドのプロテスタントとの対話努力を重ねた。1985年にイギリスのマーガレット・サッチャー首相との間でイギリス＝アイルランド合意（ヒルズバラ合意）に調印し，アイルランドは北アイルランドの統治について意見を述べることが可能になった。1987年の選挙でフィン・ゲール党が大敗したのをうけて党首の座を退いた。おもな著書に "Planning in Ireland"（1968），"Towards a New Ireland"（1972），"Unequal Partners"（1979）など。

フィッツジェラルド
Fitzgerald, F. Scott

[生]1896.9.24. ミネソタ，セントポール
[没]1940.12.21. カリフォルニア，ハリウッド
アメリカ合衆国の小説家。フルネーム Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald。自伝的小説『楽園のこちら側』This Side of Paradise (1920) で認められ，1920年代の「ジャズ時代」を担う新世代の代弁者とうたわれた。次いで短編集『フラッパーと哲学者』Flappers and Philosophers (1920) ，『ジャズ時代の物語』Tales of the Jazz Age (1922) ，長編『美しく呪われし者』The Beautiful and Damned (1922) ，『華麗なるギャツビー』The Great Gatsby (1925) など，盛んに書き続けたが，1920年代の享楽的な生活にのめり込んで才能を浪費したばかりでなく，1930年代の時代風潮はすでに彼の文学を受け入れず，妻ゼルダの精神疾患と相まって，その生活は破綻せざるをえなかった。長編『夜はやさし』Tender Is the Night (1934) の不評のあと，ハリウッドを舞台に再起をかけた力作『最後の大君』The Last Tycoon (1941，死後出版) も未完のままに終わった。

フィッツジェラルド
Fitzgerald, Ella

[生]1917.4.25. バージニア，ニューポートニューズ
[没]1996.6.15. カリフォルニア，ビバリーヒルズ
アメリカ合衆国の女性ジャズ歌手。1934年アマチュア・コンテストで優勝してチック・ウェッブ楽団の専属歌手となった。1946年からノーマン・グランツの Jazz at the Philharmonic (JATP) コンサートに加わり，以後名実ともにジャズ・ボーカルの女王として 1980年代半ばまで活躍，1986年に心臓手術を受けたあとも復帰し，1993年まで歌い続けた。1953年に初来日。ヒット曲は『ア・ティスケット・ア・タスケット』『ハウ・ハイ・ザ・ムーン』。12個のグラミー賞を獲得したほか，多くの賞を受賞した。

フィッツジェラルド
FitzGerald， Edward

[生]1809.3.31. サフォーク，ブレッドフィールド
[没]1883.6.14. ノーフォーク，マートン
イギリスの詩人，翻訳家。ペルシアの詩人オマル・ハイヤームの『ルバーイヤート』の翻訳"The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám" (1859) によって知られる。オマルの原詩に劇的な統一を与え，過ぎゆく一刻一刻を十分に享受したいという朝の願望に始り，青春のはかなさと死の接近を嘆く日没に終る連作として訳出。ほかに，教育制度批判の書『ユーフラノール』 Euphranor (51) ，警句集『ポローニアス』 Polonius (52) ，翻訳『カルデロンの戯曲6編』 Six Dramas of Calderón (53) がある。

フィッツジェラルド
FitzGerald， George Francis

[生]1851.8.3. ダブリン
[没]1901.2.22. ダブリン
イギリスの物理学者。ダブリンのトリニティ・カレッジ (ダブリン大学) に学び，同大学のチューター (1877) ，教授 (81) 。 J.C.マクスウェルの理論を発展させ，同カレッジの物理学研究の水準を高めた。 1889年 H.ローレンツに先立って，マイケルソン＝モーリーの実験結果を説明するために，運動物体は運動方向に長さが短縮するとの解釈を与えた (→ローレンツ収縮 ) 。陰極線が原子よりも小さい荷電粒子より成るとの見解も示した。 83年にロンドンのロイヤル・ソサエティ会員に選出された。

フィッツジェラルド
Fitzgerald， James (Fitzmaurice)

[生]?
[没]1579.8.18. マンスター，カースルコネル
アイルランドの反乱の指導者。 16代デズモンド伯の弟。 1573年イギリスに対する反乱を起して失敗したのち大陸に逃れ，79年ローマ教皇やスペインの支援を得て，アイルランドに上陸したが，戦死。

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