A dating method. Trace amounts of uranium 238 are always present in natural or artificial minerals. Uranium 238 undergoes natural nuclear fission, and the fission fragments leave a trail that records the path of the fission fragments. These trails are very stable and can be preserved at room temperature. Therefore, the number of uranium atoms in the mineral and the number of trails can be used to determine the age. However, depending on the material, the trails disappear in about an hour when heated to 300-700°C. Therefore, this property can be used to determine the age of volcanic eruptions and artificial glass. For example, if obsidian that has been exposed to fire at an archaeological site is used, it is possible to determine not the age of the obsidian at the time of its eruption, but the age of the subsequent artificial or natural heating, i.e., the age of the archaeological site. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
年代測定法の一つ。天然または人工の鉱物には必ず微量のウラン 238が存在する。ウラン 238は,自然に核分裂を起し,その核分裂片の通過した跡が飛跡として記録される。この飛跡は非常に安定で,常温では保存することができる。したがって鉱物中のウランの原子数と飛跡の数とから,年代測定ができる。しかし材質によっては 300~700℃に熱されると約1時間で飛跡が消滅してしまう。そのため火山噴出物や人造ガラスなどは,この性質を利用して年代を決定することができる。たとえば遺跡で火を受けた黒曜石を使えば,黒曜石の噴出時の年代ではなく,それ以後人為的もしくは自然的に加熱された年代,すなわち遺跡の年代を知ることができる。
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