Faraday, a British chemist and physicist, left a great legacy, especially in the field of electromagnetism, where the fundamental law he discovered is named after him. [Shigeo Yamaguchi] Faraday's Law of ElectrolysisThis law (discovered in 1833) states that the amount of an element or atomic group deposited on an electrode during electrolysis is proportional to the product of the current and time (amount of electricity), and that the amount of electricity required to deposit 1 gram equivalent of an element or atomic group is constant regardless of the type of atom or atomic group. It is also called Faraday's law of electrolysis. As a result, an objective standard for the amount of electricity was given. The amount of electricity required to electrolyze 1 mole of a monovalent ion is called the Faraday constant. [Shigeo Yamaguchi] Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic InductionThis law (discovered in 1831) states that when the amount of magnetic flux passing through a coil changes, an induced electromotive force is generated in the coil. It is also known as Faraday's law of induction. Faraday's idea was that since magnetism can be generated from electric current, electric current must be generated from magnetism. Since a steady magnetic field is generated from a steady electric current, it took him seven years of failed experiments using a steady magnetic field to discover that changes in magnetic flux are linked to the generation of electric current. [Shigeo Yamaguchi] Faraday effectThis refers to the effect of a magnetic field on light, whereby when a transparent medium is placed in a magnetic field and light is passed through it parallel to the magnetic field, the plane of polarization of the light rotates (discovered in 1845). [Shigeo Yamaguchi] [References] | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの化学者であり物理学者でもあるファラデーが残した足跡は大きい。とくに電磁気学への貢献は大きく、彼が発見した基本法則にファラデーの名が冠せられている。 [山口重雄] 電気分解に関するファラデーの法則電気分解で電極に析出する元素または原子団の量は、電流と時間の積(電気量)に比例すること、および元素または原子団の1グラム当量を析出するのに必要な電気量は、原子、原子団の種類によらず一定であるという法則(1833年発見)。ファラデーの電気分解の法則ともいう。この結果、電気量に客観的な基準が与えられるようになった。一価のイオンを1モル電気分解するのに必要な電気量はファラデー定数とよばれている。 [山口重雄] 電磁誘導に関するファラデーの法則コイルを通る磁束数が変化するとコイルに誘導起電力が発生するという法則(1831年発見)。ファラデーの誘導法則ともいう。電流から磁気が発生する以上、磁気から電流が発生するはずであるというのがファラデーの着想であった。定常的な電流から定常的な磁界(磁場)が生ずるので、定常的な磁界を用いて実験の失敗を重ね、磁束の変化が電流の発生に結び付くことをみいだすのに7年間を要した。 [山口重雄] ファラデー効果磁界の中に透明媒質を置き、磁界に平行に光を通すと、光の偏光面が回転するという、光に対する磁界の効果をいう(1845年発見)。 [山口重雄] [参照項目] | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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