(1) Tin-glazed soft earthenware. A term derived from Faenza, a famous pottery town in Italy. In a broad sense, it refers to all soft earthenware, but in a narrow sense, it refers to glazed ware from ancient Egypt, which is made using a different technique and is usually called Egyptian faience, and to the milky-glazed and painted soft earthenware of early modern Italy and Spain. Faience and majolica are often used interchangeably. (2) Pottery unique to ancient Egypt. The clay was made from a mixture of powdered quartz and natural soda, and the ware was shaped by hand or using a mold, then coated with an alkaline glaze similar to glass and fired. It has a particularly excellent blue color. It was produced throughout the ages, from the Predynastic period to the Roman period. In addition to various vessels, it included ushabtis, animal figures, amulets, beads, etc., and was also used as part of decoration. Among the finest examples are blue-glazed tiles used on the walls of the underground passages and chambers of the 3rd Dynasty Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara, a hippopotamus statue from the Middle Kingdom, and cups and decorated bowls from the 18th Dynasty. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
(1) 錫釉の軟質陶器。イタリアの著名な陶業地ファエンツァに由来する語。広義には軟質陶器全般をさすが,狭義には,技法が異なり通常エジプト・ファイアンスと呼ばれる古代エジプトの施釉器物,および近世のイタリア,スペインの乳白釉,彩絵の軟質陶器を意味する。ファイアンスとマジョリカは混用されることが多い。 (2) 古代エジプト特有の焼物。石英の粉末に天然炭酸ソーダを混ぜたものを胎土として,手作りまたは型を使って成形し,その上にガラスと同質のアルカリ質の釉をかけて焼成した。特に青色がすぐれている。先王朝時代からローマ時代まで各時代を通して製作された。各種容器のほかウシャブティ,動物像,護符,ビーズなどがあり,さらに装飾の一部に使われた。サッカラにある第3王朝のジョセル王のピラミッドの地下通路や部屋の壁に使われた青釉タイル,中王国時代に造られた河馬の像,第 18王朝の杯や有文の鉢に逸品がある。
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