(1) When the current flowing through a plasma becomes large, a strong magnetic field is generated around it, and the magnetic pressure squeezes the plasma, compressing it toward the center. This phenomenon is used to create high-temperature plasma in a cylindrical or annular shape. There are linear pinches ( z pinches) that pass current along the axis of the cylindrical plasma, and induction pinches (theta pinches or θ pinches) that pass current in the azimuth direction by induction. The pinch effect is also used to create high-temperature thin plasma with a plasma jet. (2) When a large current flows through a molten rod-shaped metal, the thin part of the cross section is squeezed and becomes thinner and thinner, causing it to break. This is caused by the fact that an attractive force acts between currents flowing in the same direction, and this force is particularly strong in the thin part. The cut part quickly reconnects, but the pinch effect occurs again, and the process is repeated. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
(1) プラズマ中に流れる電流が大きくなると,それを取巻く強い磁場が生じ,その磁気圧の力でプラズマが締めつけられ,中心部に圧縮される現象。柱状または環状などの高温プラズマをつくるのに利用される。柱状プラズマの軸方向に電流を流す直線状ピンチ (zピンチ) や,誘導により方位方向に電流を流す誘導ピンチ (テータピンチまたは θ ピンチ) などがある。ピンチ効果はまた高温の細いプラズマをプラズマジェットでつくるのにも応用される。 (2) 融解した棒状の金属に大電流が流れるとき,断面の細い部分が絞られてますます細くなり,切断する現象。同じ方向に流れる電流の間には吸引力が働き,その力は細い部分で特に大きくなることに起因する。切断した部分はすぐにつながるが,またピンチ効果を生じ,動作は繰返される。
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