The difference between the average atmospheric pressure or isobar height at high and low latitudes is an index that indicates the strength of east-west winds, and is called the east-west index or zonal index. This value gets stronger and weaker in a cycle of three to eight weeks. This is called the index cycle. When this value increases and the east-west flow in the sky becomes stronger, low pressure systems move smoothly, but when it decreases and the north-south flow becomes stronger, the movement of low pressure systems slows down and abnormal weather is more likely to occur. This phenomenon occurs when cold air accumulates in the polar regions and periodically overflows into low latitudes, and theoretically it is thought to be caused by baroclinic instability of the westerly winds. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
高緯度と低緯度の平均の気圧または等圧面高度の差は,東西風の強さを示す一つの指数であり,東西示数またはゾーナル・インデックスとよぶ。この値は3週間ないし8週間の周期で強くなったり弱くなったりする。これをインデックスサイクルとよぶ。この値が大きくなり,上空の東西の流れが強くなると低気圧などは順調に移動するが,小さくなって南北流が強くなると,低気圧の動きはおそくなり,異常気象などが現れやすくなる。極地方に寒気がたまり,それが周期的に低緯度にあふれるために生ずる現象であり,理論的には偏西風の傾圧不安定によって生ずると考えられる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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