gel

Japanese: ゲル
gel

When a colloidal dispersion system using a liquid as a dispersion medium loses fluidity and solidifies, the solubility of the dispersed phase decreases, and the dispersed phases are connected to each other to form a network structure, with the dispersion medium contained within. Therefore, both the dispersion medium and the dispersed phase are continuous, and they are generally characterized by their remarkable elasticity. Agar and gelatin become sols when dispersed in warm water, but when cooled, they become gels. When the concentration is low, they show fluidity, but they are also found to be elastic. Generally, thread-like polymers tend to gel in solvents. When an aqueous solution (alkaline) of sodium silicate (water glass) is neutralized with acid, it gels. This is thought to be due to the network structure that is formed when silicic acid polymerizes. When this is dried, it is used as a desiccant or catalyst carrier, known as silica gel. When the gel is not too dilute, the elasticity of the gel tends to increase with temperature, and it is considered to belong to entropic elasticity, like rubber elasticity. Amorphous precipitation is sometimes called gel-like precipitation.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

液体を分散媒とするコロイド分散系が流動性を失って固化した状態で,分散相の溶解度が低下し,互いに連結して網目構造をとって,そのなかに分散媒が含まれたものと考えられる.したがって,分散媒も分散相も連続していることになり,一般にいちじるしい弾性を示すのが特徴である.寒天やゼラチンは温水中に分散してゾルとなるが,冷却するとゲル状態をとる.その濃度が小さいときには流動性を示すが,弾性もあることが検出される.一般に,糸状高分子は溶媒中でゲルとなりやすい.ケイ酸ナトリウム(水ガラス)の水溶液(アルカリ性)を酸で中和するとゲル化する.これはケイ酸が重合するときに網目構造をとるものと考えられる.これを乾燥したものはシリカゲルとして乾燥剤や触媒の担体として用いられる.ゲルの弾性は,あまり希薄でない場合には,温度とともに増大する傾向を示し,ゴム弾性と同様にエントロピー弾性に属するものと考えられている.無定形沈殿をゲル状沈殿などということもある.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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