Pil'nyak (English spelling) Boris Andreevich Pil'nyak

Russian and Soviet novelist. His real name was Vogau. He was born to a family of German veterinarians. He graduated from Moscow Commercial University in 1920. His early works, such as the short stories "In the Spring" (1909) and "One Life" (1915), have strong autobiographical elements. His observations of provincial Russian life in Kolomna during the revolution laid the foundations for his symbolic and naturalistic literary style. Following in Beli's style, he made his name with his full-length novel "The Naked Year" (1921), which was based on the civil war of 1918-1919, but his idea of ​​the revolution as a victory for the peasants, full of primitive vitality, over the weakened urban culture caused controversy. His novel "The Story of the Unquenchable Moon" (1926) was heavily criticized for using Stalin as a model and was banned the same day, and his Berlin-published "Mahogany" (1929) was also criticized, leading to his expulsion from the literary world as an anti-Soviet writer, and he was arrested and died in prison in 1937. His other works include "The Machine and the Wolf" (1925), "Ivan Moscow" (1927), and "The Volga Flows into the Caspian Sea" (1930). After "The Thaw," his reputation was restored.

[Masahiro Kudo]

"The Story of the Unerasable Moon" translated by Masao Yonekawa ("World Short Story Collection, Volume 12", 1963, Shueisha) " "The Machine and the Wolf" translated by Kaori Kawabata and Masahiro Kudo ("20th Century Russian Novels, Volume 8", 1973, Hakusuisha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ロシア・ソ連の小説家。本名ボガウ　Вогау／Vogau。ドイツ系の獣医の家に生まれる。1920年モスクワ商科大学卒業。短編小説『春に』（1909）、『一生涯』（1915）などの初期作品には自伝的要素が濃い。革命時にコロムナで観察したロシア地方生活が象徴主義的、自然主義的文体の下地をつくった。ベールイの作風を継ぎ、18～19年の国内戦を題材にした長編小説『裸の年』（1921）で一躍文名をあげたが、革命を原始的な生命力にあふれた農民の、衰弱した都市文化に対する勝利ととらえる思想は物議を醸した。『消されない月の話』（1926）はスターリンをモデルにしたことで猛烈な攻撃を受けて即日発禁となり、ベルリンで刊行された『マホガニー』（1929）も攻撃を受けて反ソ作家として文壇から追放され、37年逮捕され獄死した。ほかに『機械と狼(おおかみ)』（1925）、『イワン・モスクワ』（1927）、『ボルガはカスピ海に注ぐ』（1930）などがある。「雪どけ」後、名誉を回復された。

［工藤正広］

『米川正夫訳『消されない月の話』（『世界短篇文学全集　第12巻』1963・集英社）』▽『川端香男里・工藤正広訳『機械と狼』（『20世紀のロシア小説　第八巻』1973・白水社）』

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