It is an annual plant of the legume family (APG classification: Fabaceae). It is cultivated for its beans as food and feed. It grows to about 50 cm tall, and the cross section of the stem is square. The leaves are odd-pinnate compound leaves, about 5 cm long, and consist of 9-15 leaflets. About one month after germination, one or two flowers appear in the leaf axils. The flowers are about 2 cm long, and bloom for two days in purple, pink, blue, or white, and are mostly self-fertilizing. The pods are 2-3 cm long and 1-1.5 cm wide, and contain one or two seeds, or as many as four. It is believed that cultivation began in the western Himalayas and Western Asia, and was introduced to Europe in ancient times. Currently, it is mainly produced in India, and is also cultivated in the Middle East, the Mediterranean coast, California, Mexico, and other places, but it is not cultivated agriculturally in Japan. It grows in a hot, semi-arid climate and takes 100 to 130 days to mature. It is eaten as boiled beans, roasted beans, soup, etc., or ground into powder and mixed with wheat flour to bake into bread. It is also roasted and used as a coffee substitute. The pods are used as animal feed, but the stems and leaves contain toxic substances and are not suitable as animal feed. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika November 20, 2019] ©Shogakukan "> Chickpeas Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
マメ科(APG分類:マメ科)の一年草。豆を食用や飼料とするために栽培される。草丈は50センチメートルほどになり、茎の断面は四角形。葉は奇数羽状複葉で長さ約5センチメートル、9~15枚の小葉からなる。発芽後1か月ほどたつと葉腋(ようえき)に1~2個の花をつける。花は長さ約2センチメートル、紫、桃、青、白色などで2日間咲き、ほとんど自家受精する。莢(さや)は長さ2~3センチメートル、幅1~1.5センチメートルになり、中には1~2個、多いものは4個の種子がある。ヒマラヤ西部から西アジア地方で栽培が始まったとされ、非常に古い時代にヨーロッパに伝わった。現在の主産地はインドで、中近東、地中海沿岸、カリフォルニア、メキシコなどでも栽培されているが、日本での農業的な栽培はない。生育は高温、半乾燥の気候に適し、生育日数は100~130日である。煮豆、炒豆(いりまめ)、スープなどにして食べ、製粉して小麦粉と混ぜてパン状に焼く。また、炒(い)ってコーヒーの代用とする。莢は飼料としても用いられるが、茎葉には有毒成分があり飼料に適さない。 [星川清親 2019年11月20日] ©Shogakukan"> ヒヨコマメ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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