Buridan, Jean

Japanese: ビュリダン（英語表記）Buridan， Jean

[Raw] 1300. Bethune?
[Died] 1358
French philosopher. His Latin name was Joannes Buridanus. He served as president of the University of Paris in 1328 and 40. He was a moderate nominalist, and in 40 he contributed to the condemnation of extreme Ockhamism. Opposing Aristotle's theory that objects are moved by the air around them, he introduced the mechanical concept of impetus, which prepared the modern concepts of force and inertia, and paved the way for modern mechanics. He advocated mental determinism, which states that free will is determined by the good of a greater object, and is said to have said, "A dog placed between two equal foods will starve to death because it cannot decide between them, since they are equal." This analogy was later mistakenly passed down as "Buridan's donkey." However, this metaphor is not found in his works. His major works include many commentaries on Aristotle, such as "Summa de dialectica" (1487) and "Compendium logicae" (89), but they were temporarily banned due to their nominalist tendencies.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1300. ベテューヌ?
[没]1358
フランスの哲学者。ラテン名は Joannes Buridanus。 1328年および 40年パリ大学学長をつとめた。穏健な唯名論者で，40年極端なオッカム主義の断罪に寄与した。物体はまわりの空気によって動かされるというアリストテレス説に反対して，躍動 impetusという力学的概念を導入して近代的な力および慣性の概念を準備し，近代力学への道を開いた。自由意志についてはより大なる対象の善によって規定されるという精神的決定論を唱え，「2つの等価の食物の間に置かれた犬は，等価であるのでどちらにも決定できず餓死する」といったとされ，これが後世誤って「ビュリダンのロバ」として伝えられている。しかしこの比喩は彼の著作には見出されない。主著には，"Summa de dialectica" (1487) ，"Compendium logicae" (89) などアリストテレス注解書が多数あるが，唯名論的傾向のために，一時禁書となった。

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