… The existence of a phase in liquid 4He called liquid helium II was discovered by WH Kesom and others in 1927, and in 1938 PL Kapitza confirmed that this was a superfluid phase with zero viscosity. The superfluid phase of liquid 3He was discovered in 1972 by DD Osheroff and others from the United States. The mechanism by which superfluidity occurs is completely different between 4He and 3He ; in the former, it is due to the 4He atoms following Bose statistics and the existence of repulsive forces between atoms, and in the latter, it is due to the 3He atoms following Fermi statistics and the existence of attractive forces between atoms. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Osheroff, DD" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 液体ヘリウム4に,液体ヘリウムIIと呼ばれる相が存在することはW.H.ケーソムらによって1927年に発見され,これが粘性0の超流動相であることは38年にP.L.カピッツァによって確かめられた。また液体ヘリウム3の超流動相はアメリカのD.D.オシェロフらによって72年に発見された。超流動が起こる機構は4Heと3Heとではまったく異なり,前者では4He原子がボース統計に従うことと原子間に斥力があることが,また後者では3He原子がフェルミ統計に従うことと原子間に引力があることが原因になっている。… ※「オシェロフ,D.D.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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