Puritans

Japanese: ピューリタン - ぴゅーりたん(英語表記)Puritans
Puritans

Puritans. English Protestants who considered Elizabeth I's religious reform incomplete and sought to carry out a more thorough reform in accordance with the Bible. Their ideological background was Calvinism, and their reform movement spanned the 16th and 17th centuries. Some remained in the Church of England and sought reform from within, others believed that separation from it was the first step in reform, and some, like the Pilgrim Fathers, sought to realize their ideals by escaping the country. However, they were divided into various factions, including Presbyterians, who aimed for Calvinistic reform, Independents, Baptists, Quakers, Levellers, Diggers, and Fifth Kingdomists. Their reform movement moved from worship reform to church political reform, and then to political reform. Even in the face of oppression by the Church of England, they gained more sympathizers through preaching and classist movements, and during the reign of James I, the King James Version of the Bible (1611) appeared in response to their demands. Finally, during the reign of Charles I, a revolution broke out, and the Puritans overthrew the monarchy under Cromwell and established a republic. John Milton, the poet of Paradise Lost, was Cromwell's secretary. However, the republic ended after 11 years, and the monarchy was restored and the Church of England was resurrected, with the Puritans eventually becoming non-Anglicans. The central beliefs of the Puritans were bibliophilia, emphasis on simple spiritual worship, a strong sense of responsibility to God, and the construction of a holy community. They are also said to have played a major role in the formation of modern society, both politically and economically.

[Masatoshi Ogasawara]

[References] | Puritan Revolution

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

清教徒。エリザベス1世の宗教改革を不徹底とし、聖書に従ってさらに徹底した改革を進めようとしたイギリス・プロテスタント。その思想的背景はカルビニズムで、その改革運動は16世紀から17世紀に及ぶ。国教会(イングランド教会)にとどまり内部からの改革を志向するもの、それからの分離こそ改革の第一歩とするもの、ピルグリム・ファーザーズのように国外に脱出して理想を実現しようとするものがいたが、カルバン主義的改革を目ざした長老派を中心に、独立派、バプティスト派、クェーカー派、水平派、ディガーズ、第五王国主義者などの諸派に分かれる。彼らの改革運動は、礼拝改革から教会政治改革に移り、さらに政治的改革へと向かった。国教会の弾圧のなかにも説教運動やクラシス運動などによって共鳴者を増やし、ジェームズ1世時代には、彼らの要求によって『欽定(きんてい)訳聖書』(1611)が現れる。ついにチャールズ1世のとき革命が起こり、ピューリタンはクロムウェルのもとに王政を倒し、共和政を樹立した。『失楽園』の詩人ジョン・ミルトンはその秘書であった。しかし共和政は11年で終結し、王政復古、国教会の復活となり、ピューリタンはやがて非国教会派となる。聖書主義、簡素な霊的礼拝の強調、神への強烈な責任意識、聖なる共同体の建設などがピューリタンの中心的主張であった。また政治的、経済的にも、近代社会の形成に果たした役割は大きいとされている。

[小笠原政敏]

[参照項目] | ピューリタン革命

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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