Büchner, Georg

Japanese: ビュヒナー（英語表記）Büchner， Georg

Born: October 17, 1813. Godderau
German playwright. Born the eldest son of a poor doctor. Studied medicine and natural sciences at the University of Strasbourg, and history and philosophy at the University of Giessen. Influenced by the July Revolution in France (1830), he was awakened to revolutionary ideas and wrote a pamphlet exposing the misrule of the Grand Duke of Hesse, Der Hessische Landbote (34), which led to his being pursued by the authorities and his flight to Strasbourg. After receiving his doctorate from the University of Zurich, he went to Switzerland and became a full-time lecturer, but died of typhoid fever at the age of 23. His works include the four-act play Danton's Death (35), which is based on the French Revolution, the short story Lenz (39), the comedy Leonce und Lena (38), and the unfinished play Woyzeck (79), which had a great influence on Naturalist and even Expressionist theater over the course of half a century.

Büchner
Büchner, Ludwig

Born: March 29, 1824, Darmstadt
Died: April 30, 1899, Darmstadt. German physician and materialist philosopher. Brother of G. Büchner. After completing his medical studies, he became a lecturer at the University of Tübingen, but in 1855 he wrote Kraft und Stoff (Force and Matter) which caused controversy and led to him resigning. He became a physician in his hometown of Darmstadt. He denied the uniqueness of the mind and argued that the essence of reality is determined only by force and matter. His major work was Die Stellung des Menschen in der Natur (1869), or The Station of Man in Nature.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1813.10.17. ゴッデラウ
[没]1837.2.19. チューリヒ
ドイツの劇作家。貧しい医師の長男として生れる。シュトラスブルク大学で医学，自然科学を学び，ギーセン大学で歴史，哲学を修める。フランスの七月革命 (1830) の影響を受けて革命思想に目ざめ，ヘッセン大公の悪政をあばいたパンフレット『ヘッセンの急使』 Der Hessische Landbote (34) を書いて官憲の追及を受け，シュトラスブルクに逃亡。チューリヒ大学から学位を受け，スイスにおもむき，専任講師となったがチフスのため 23歳で夭折。作品には，フランス革命を素材にした4幕の戯曲『ダントンの死』 Dantons Tod (35) ，短編小説『レンツ』 Lenz (39) ，喜劇『レオンスとレーナ』 Leonce und Lena (38) ，未完の戯曲『ウォイツェク』 Woyzeck (79) があり，その戯曲は遠く半世紀をへだてて自然主義演劇，さらには表現主義演劇に大きな影響を与えた。

ビュヒナー
Büchner， Ludwig

[生]1824.3.29. ダルムシュタット
[没]1899.4.30. ダルムシュタット
ドイツの医師で唯物論哲学者。 G.ビュヒナーの弟。医学を修めたのちテュービンゲン大学講師となったが，1855年『力と質料』 Kraft und Stoffを書いて問題を起し，辞職。故郷のダルムシュタットで医師となった。精神の独自性を否定し，実在の本質は力と質料とによってのみ規定されるとした。主著『自然における人間の地位』 Die Stellung des Menschen in der Natur (1869) 。

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