An alkaloid found in the leaves of the coca plant native to Peru and Bolivia in South America. It is used as cocaine hydrochloride for local anesthesia. It appears as colorless crystals or a white crystalline powder, and is odorless. It is used mainly for surface anesthesia in ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology. It is designated as a narcotic drug because it is highly toxic and addictive. Acute poisoning from heavy use can lead to dizziness, facial pallor, and dilated pupils, followed by intoxication, mental confusion, hallucinations, auditory hallucinations, and fainting, leading to respiratory distress and collapse, leading to death. Nowadays, synthetic local anesthetics such as lidocaine are widely used, and cocaine is no longer used for this purpose. In addition, "crack," which is a problematic drug of abuse, is a cocaine base that has been slightly processed to produce cocaine with many impurities. It is available in various forms, such as granules, powder, and chunks, and is used for smoking. [Fumiji Koho] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南アメリカのペルーおよびボリビア原産のコカノキの葉に含まれるアルカロイド。コカイン塩酸塩として局所麻酔の目的で使用される。無色の結晶または白色の結晶性粉末で、においはない。主として眼科、耳鼻咽喉(いんこう)科で表面麻酔に用いる。毒性が強く習慣性となりやすいため、麻薬に指定されている。大量使用による急性中毒では、めまい、顔面蒼白(がんめんそうはく)、散瞳(さんどう)などに始まり酩酊(めいてい)状態に陥り、精神錯乱、幻覚、幻聴、失神などがみられ、呼吸困難や虚脱をおこして死亡する。現在ではリドカインなどの合成局所麻酔剤が繁用され、コカインはこの目的ではあまり用いられなくなった。また、乱用薬物として問題となっている「クラック」は、コカインを少し加工してコカイン塩基とした不純物の多いものである。粒、粉末、塊状などさまざまな形態があり、吸煙で使用される。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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