Nose print - Bimon

Japanese: 鼻紋 - びもん
Nose print - Bimon

A pattern created by shallow grooves on the skin surface of the nose of a cow. Nose patterns are unique to each individual, unlike human or monkey fingerprints, and do not change throughout a person's life, so they are used for individual identification. They are particularly used when registering individuals with a single color without spots, such as Japanese Black Cattle.

The tip of a cow's nose is called the nasolabial plane; it is flat and constantly wet with glandular secretions. This is thoroughly wiped clean, ink is applied with a roller, and a sheet of absorbent, medium-thick Western paper is placed over it to trace the nose pattern. Individual differences are particularly clear near the upper lip. Nose patterns are hereditary, so they can also be used to infer blood relationships. It is said that same-sex twins, both male and female, have many similarities, whereas opposite-sex twins are not so similar. For identification purposes, they are classified into grooved types, which have a groove in the center, and further into vein-like and short-veined types, and grooveless types, which have no grooves, which are radial and wavy. However, these four types are not clearly divided, and intermediate transitional types are also seen.

[Nishida Tomoko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ウシの鼻面の皮膚面(鼻鏡(びきょう))に、浅い溝によってつくりだされる紋様をいう。鼻紋は、ヒトとかサルの指紋のように個体に固有で一つとして同じ型のものはなく、一生変わらないので個体識別に用いられる。とくに斑(はん)のない単色の個体、たとえば黒毛和種などの登録の際に利用されている。

 ウシの鼻端は鼻唇平面とよばれ、平坦(へいたん)でつねに腺(せん)分泌物でぬれている。これをよくぬぐい、ローラーでインキを塗り、吸収力のよい中程度の厚さの西洋紙を当てて鼻紋を写し取る。とくに上唇に近いところはもっとも個体差が明確である。鼻紋は遺伝するので、これによって血縁関係を推定することもできる。同性双子では両個体雌雄どちらであっても互いに類似点が多く、異性双子の場合ではそれほど類似しないといわれる。鑑定のために、中央に溝のある有溝型、さらにそれは羽脈状と短羽脈状に、また溝のない無溝型は放射状と波状に、それぞれ類型区分がなされている。しかし、これら四型ははっきり区分されるものでなく、中間の移行型もみられる。

[西田恂子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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