Also called negative numbers. A real number smaller than 0. A negative sign is placed before a number and expressed as -1, -2, -3, etc. Historically, the introduction of the concept of negative numbers varies greatly from region to region, and China appears to be the only country that understood negative numbers in ancient times. In China, the use of negative numbers can be seen in the solution of simultaneous linear equations in the mathematics book Nine Chapters on Arithmetic, which is said to have been written in the 3rd century. Meanwhile, around the 7th century, Brahmagupta of India introduced the concepts of zero and negative numbers. It is believed that this spread to Arabia around the 8th century, and then to Europe around the 12th century. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
負数ともいう。0より小さい実数のこと。数の前に-の符号をつけ,-1,-2,-3,……のように表す。歴史的にみて,負の数の概念の導入は地域によって大きい差異があり,古代に負の数を理解していたと思えるのは中国だけのようである。中国では3世紀の成立といわれる数学書《九章算術》における連立一次方程式の解法で負の数の利用がみられる。他方,7世紀ごろインドのブラフマグプタが零および負の数の概念を導入した。それが8世紀ごろアラビアに伝わり,次いでヨーロッパに伝わったのは12世紀ごろとみられている。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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