A container that keeps drinks hot or cold for long periods of time. Portable bottles were first imported to Japan from Germany in 1911 (Meiji 44). To reduce heat conduction, convection, and radiation, the inside wall of a double-layered glass bottle is silver-plated, and the middle part is a vacuum-filled inner bottle, with an exterior coating applied to protect the inner bottle. The inner bottle is made of borosilicate glass, and the exterior is made of printed steel plate, PVC steel plate, plastic, copper, stainless steel, etc. It is also called a Dewar flask because it was invented in 1892 by British chemist and physicist J. Dewar to store liquid gas. For tabletop use, there are hand-operated ones that you lift with your hand and pour hot water into, air-operated ones that push the lid in and use the air pressure to push the hot water out, and electric ones that use a motor to draw hot water in. The Household Products Quality Labeling Act stipulates what items and how to label them, and their heat retention effect is expressed as the temperature when filled with boiling water of 95°C plus or minus 1°C and left for 24 hours and 10 hours (6 hours for outdoor use). [Masaki Eiko] [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> Basic structure of a thermos (air type) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
飲料を長時間保温、または保冷する容器。日本には携帯用のものが1911年(明治44)に初めてドイツから輸入された。熱の伝導、対流、放射を少なくするため、二層にしたガラス瓶の内壁に、銀めっきをし、中間を真空にした中瓶を使い、さらに外側には中瓶を保護するための外装が施されている。中瓶にはホウケイ酸ガラスが、また外装にはプリント鋼板、塩ビ鋼板、プラスチック、銅、ステンレスなどが使われている。1892年、イギリスの化学・物理学者J・デュワーが、液体ガスを保存するために発明したのでデュワー瓶ともいう。 卓上用には、手で持ち上げて湯をつぐハンド式のもの、蓋(ふた)を押して空気を送り込み、その空気圧によって湯を押し出すエア式のもの、モーターで湯を吸い上げる電動式のものなどがある。家庭用品品質表示法によって、表示事項や表示方法が定められており、その保温効力は、95℃プラスマイナス1℃の熱湯を満たして24時間および10時間(屋外で使用するものは6時間)放置した場合の温度で表されている。 [正木英子] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 魔法瓶の基本構造(エア式) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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