Shoinban - Shoinban

The title of the Edo Shogunate's Bangata (guard). There are two theories about when it was first established: in 1605 (Keicho 10) or the following year. It got its name from the fact that it first served in the Momiji-no-ma room of the Shiro Shoin. It was one of the five Bangata (guards), and was called Ryoban together with the Kosho (page) group. The fixed number of positions was 10 (sometimes increased). Each group had one bangashira (under the control of the wakadoshiyori, official salary of 4000 koku, no salary, half the stipend while stationed in Sunpu, Shodaibu, Kikuno-mazume), one group leader (under the control of the wakadoshiyori, official salary of 1000 koku, Hoi, Kikuno-ma Minami Ofusuma-giwa), 50 group members (under the control of the head, official salary of 300 koku, Omemie or above, Torano-ma), 10 yoriki (official salary of 80 koku, Omemie or below, Kamishimo duties, Ookaba), and 20 doshin (official salary of 30 koku, two-person salary, Omemie or below, Ookaba). Abolished in 1866 (Keio 2). The head clerk and group leader were incorporated into the Yoriai, and the group members were incorporated into the Okuzume Guntai or Kobushin. In peacetime, they were on duty in the Torano-ma area of ​​the palace (after 1643), and also guarded various gates such as the Chujakumon Gate and the Kamiumemon Gate in front of the entrance. They also took charge of various ceremonies, were assigned as escorts for the Shogun when he went out, and patrolled the city. After 1639 (Kan'ei 16), one group was stationed at Sunpu Castle every year (until then, the Oban were on duty). However, this was abolished in 1790 (Kansei 2). In times of war, they worked with other guards to prepare for the Shogun's hatamoto.

[Kitahara Akio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸幕府番方(ばんがた)の職名。創置は1605年（慶長10）もしくは翌06年の両説がある。初め白(しろ)書院紅葉之間(もみじのま)に勤番したところから、その名を得た。五番方の一つで、小姓(こしょう)組番と併称して両番という。定数は10組（ときに増加あり）。各組に番頭(ばんがしら)1人（若年寄(わかどしより)支配、役高4000石、役料なし、駿府(すんぷ)在番中は禄高の半額支給、諸大夫(しょだいぶ)、菊之間詰(きくのまづめ)）、組頭1人（若年寄支配、役高1000石、布衣(ほい)、菊之間南御襖際(おふすまぎわ)）、組衆50人（頭支配、役高300俵、御目見(おめみえ)以上、虎之間詰）、与力10騎（役高現米80石、御目見以下、上下(かみしも)役、御抱場(おかかえば)）、同心20人（役高30俵二人扶持(ぶち)、御目見以下、御抱場）があった。1866年（慶応2）廃止。番頭、組頭は勤仕並寄合(よりあい)、組衆は奥詰銃隊あるいは勤仕並小普請(こぶしん)に編入された。平時は殿中虎之間に勤番し（1643年以後）、また玄関前中雀(ちゅうじゃく)門および上埋門などの諸門を警衛した。そのほか諸儀式の世話役を勤め、将軍出行の供奉(ぐぶ)に任じ、市中の巡回などにもあたった。また1639年（寛永16）以後は、毎年1組が駿府城に在番した（それまでは大番が在番）。しかし、これは1790年（寛政2）に廃止された。戦時は、他の番方などとともに将軍の旗本に備えた。

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