Arica (English spelling)

Japanese: アリカ（英語表記）Arica

Its official name is San Marcos de Arica. It is a port city on the Pacific Ocean in the northern tip of Chile, close to the border with Peru. It is located in the arid region in the northern part of the Atacama Desert, and the city is surrounded by sand dunes and spreads out under the steep Morro Point. It was founded by the Spaniards in 1570 on the site of an Indian settlement, and prospered as a port in Peru during the colonial period. When the Pacific War broke out between Chile and Bolivia in 1879 over saltpeter resources, the Chilean army occupied the area, and in 1883 the area was transferred from Peru to Chile by the Treaty of Ancón, but this issue was finally settled in 1929. Currently, it is one of the main ports in northern Chile, and it ships copper, saltpeter, and other mineral products from the Atacama Desert, as well as olives and citrus fruits from the surrounding irrigated areas. It is also an important outer port for landlocked Bolivia, and is connected by rail from La Paz, handling a large portion of Bolivia's imports and exports. In recent years, industry has developed gradually, with fishmeal factories, automobile assembly plants, etc. The city is located on the Pan-American Highway. Population: 177,330 (1992 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

正式名称はサンマルコスデアリカ San Marcos de Arica。チリ北端部，太平洋にのぞむ港湾都市で，ペルーとの国境に近い。アタカマ砂漠の北部にあたる乾燥地帯にあり，市街は砂丘に取巻かれて，切立ったモロ岬の下に広がる。 1570年インディオの集落があった地にスペイン人によって建設され，植民地時代はペルーの港として繁栄。 1879年チリとボリビアの間に硝石資源をめぐって太平洋戦争が始ると，チリ軍がこの地域を占領，83年のアンコン条約によりペルー領からチリ領に編入されることになったが，この帰属問題が最終的に決着したのは 1929年であった。現在チリ北部の主要港の一つとしてアタカマ砂漠で産出される銅，硝石などの鉱産物や，周辺の灌漑地帯に産するオリーブ，柑橘類などを積出すほか，内陸国ボリビアの外港として重要で，ラパスからの鉄道が通じ，ボリビアの輸出入のかなりの部分を扱っている。近年工業も次第に発展，魚粉工場，自動車組立て工場などがある。パンアメリカン・ハイウェーが通る。人口 17万 7330 (1992推計) 。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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