For horticultural use, a roof-shaped or semicircular framework is made from steel (pipes), wood, or bamboo, and covered with vinyl film in which vegetables, flowers, and fruit trees are grown, and tree seedlings are raised. It is a type of simple greenhouse, and these facilities are collectively called greenhouse cultivation. Another different use is for drying fruit and livestock manure. Vinyl greenhouses are easy to build, come in different sizes depending on the purpose, and there are a wide variety of types depending on the region. They are cheaper to build than glass greenhouses and easier to move and handle, but they also have disadvantages such as vulnerability to typhoons and snowfall, large differences in temperature and humidity between day and night, and the need to replace the covering material every one or two years. Generally speaking, a vinyl greenhouse refers to one that can be worked in, while a small, covered greenhouse that can be opened, closed, or removed to protect from frost or according to growth is called a vinyl tunnel cultivation. Those covered with resin boards are sometimes called plastic greenhouses to distinguish them from each other. [Yasuo Hori] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
園芸的利用においては、鉄骨(パイプ)、木材、竹などで屋根形や半円形の骨組をつくってそれをビニルフィルムで覆い、その中で野菜、花卉(かき)、果樹の栽培や植木苗の育成などを行う。簡易温室の一種で、これらの施設を総称してハウス栽培ともよぶ。また、異なった利用方法として、果実、家畜糞(ふん)などの乾燥用に使用することがある。ビニルハウスは建設が容易で、利用目的によって大小があり、地域によっても多種多様の型がある。ガラス温室に比べて安価に建設でき、移設や扱いに便利であるが、台風や積雪に弱く、昼夜の温・湿度の差が大きいこと、1、2年ごとに被覆材の取り替えが必要である、などの短所もある。 一般にビニルハウスは、中で作業ができる程度のものをさし、小型で被覆したものを霜よけや生育にあわせて開閉・除去できるものはビニルトンネル栽培とよぶ。被覆材が樹脂板のものはプラスチックハウスとよんで区別することもある。 [堀 保男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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