Date of birth and death unknown. Islamic astronomer of the late 12th century. Latin name Alpetragius. Born in Spain. He was originally a Christian and later became a Muslim. A disciple of Ibn Tufayl, he supported the geocentric theory and opposed the epicyclic and eccentric theories of K. Ptolemy. In his Kitāb alhai'a , he tried to improve on the theory of concentric spheres advocated by the Greeks Eudoxus and Aristotle. Bitrouzi modified this theory in various ways, combining it with the idea of the oscillation of the spring (autumn) equinoxes. According to him, all celestial bodies are fixed to their respective spheres, and the primum mobile that moves them is the ninth sphere, which is outside the fixed sphere. This primum mobile gives all the spheres a motion from east to west. This motion is fastest on the ninth sphere and slows down as the distance from the primum increases. For example, the stars rotate once every 24 hours, while the moon takes about 25 hours. This idea, although incorrect, cannot be ignored when looking at Islamic astronomy. [Hirata Hiroshi] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生没年不詳。12世紀後半のイスラムの天文学者。ラテン名はアルペトラギウスAlpetragius。スペイン出身。最初はキリスト教徒で、のちイスラム教徒になった。イブン・トゥファイルの門人で、天動説の立場をとり、K・プトレマイオスの周転円説や離心円説に反対した。その著書『天文の書』Kitāb alhai'aでは、ギリシアのエウドクソスやアリストテレスらが唱えた同心天球説を改良しようとした。ビトルージーは、この説を春(秋)分点の振動という考えと結び付けていろいろな方法で修正した。それによると、あらゆる天体はそれぞれの天球に固定されていて、それらを動かす原動力primum mobileは、恒星天球の外側にある第九天球である。この原動力は、あらゆる天球に東から西への運動を与える。この運動は、第九天球がもっとも速く、原動力からの距離が遠くなるにつれて遅くなる。たとえば恒星は24時間で1回転するが、月は約25時間かかる。この考えは、間違ってはいるが、イスラム天文学を概観する際は無視できない。 [平田 寛] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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