Eight hundred bhikkuni - Eight hundred bhikkuni

Japanese: 八百比丘尼 - はっぴゃくびくに
Eight hundred bhikkuni - Eight hundred bhikkuni
A long-lived nun who is said to have reached 800 years of age. There are legends in various places about her traveling throughout the country. The area from Hokuriku to Noto is considered to be the center of these legends. Yaobikuni, who is said to have entered nirvana in a cave in Kuinji Temple in Obama City, Fukui Prefecture, is said to have looked like a young woman of about 15 or 16 years of age, despite her long life. It is said that she maintained her youth by eating forbidden meat, mermaid meat or abalone. In the legend of Sado Island in Niigata Prefecture, Yaobikuni gained a thousand years of life by eating mermaid meat, but gave up the remaining 200 years to the lord of the country and died at the age of 800 in Obama, Wakasa. In literature, the records of the medieval Muromachi period, "Yasuhtomi-ki" and "Gaun Nichikenroku," record that Yaobikuni traveled from Wakasa to the capital in May 1449. A distinctive feature of the Yaobikuni statue is that she is holding a camellia flower in her hand. The coastal areas from Hokuriku to Tohoku are dotted with sacred sites where camellia trees grow in abundance. Camellias are considered to be flowers that herald the arrival of spring, and lush forests of camellias are the object of worship. It is thought that a traveling shrine maiden used a camellia flower as a medium to summon a divine spirit. Yaobikuni is also known as Shiro Bikuni. The "shira" in "shiro" is an archaic word meaning rebirth, and Shira Bikuni's longevity may be related to the shrine maiden's special spiritual power.

(Miyata Noboru)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:
人寿800歳に達したとされる長命の比丘尼。全国を旅したという伝説が各地に残っている。これら伝説の中心と目されているのは,北陸から能登地方である。福井県小浜市の空印寺の洞穴で入定したといわれる八百比丘尼は,長寿であるにもかかわらず,その容貌は,15,6歳くらいの若い女性のように見えたという。若さを保っているのは,禁断の肉である人魚の肉あるいは九穴の貝(あわび)を食べたためであると伝えられている。新潟県の佐渡島の伝説では,八百比丘尼は,人魚の肉を食べ1000年の寿命を得たが,200歳の分を国主に譲り,自分は800歳になって若狭の小浜で死んだと伝えている。文献のうえでは,中世室町時代の記録『康富記』や『臥雲日件録』に,文安6(1449)年5月,八百比丘尼が若狭より上京したことを記している。八百比丘尼像の特徴は,手に椿の花を持っていることである。北陸から東北地方にかけての沿岸部には,椿がまとまって茂る聖地が点在している。椿は,春の到来を告げる花とみなされ,椿の繁茂する森は信仰の対象となっていた。旅をする遍歴の巫女が,椿の花を依代にして神霊を招いたものと想像されている。八百比丘尼の別称は白比丘尼という。白のシラは,再生するという古語であり,シラ比丘尼の長寿は,巫女の特つ霊力とかかわるものであろう。

(宮田登)

出典 朝日日本歴史人物事典:(株)朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について 情報

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