Vitória (English spelling)

Japanese: ビトリア（英語表記）Vitória

The capital of the state of Espirito Santo in southeastern Brazil. It is a port city on the Atlantic coast, about 420 km northeast of Rio de Janeiro, on the island of Vitoria in the Bay of Espirito Santo, and is connected to the mainland by a bridge. Founded by the Portuguese in 1535. After World War II, it was connected to the mining areas of Minas Gerais by rail, and developed into the country's largest iron ore shipping port. Since 1962, the volume of shipments has increased significantly, and the existing port facilities could no longer handle it, so a new port was built in Tubarão in the north to accommodate large ore transport ships. In addition to iron ore, coffee, monazite, timber, etc. are shipped from the port of Vitoria. It is also the state's main industrial center, and there are oil refineries, textile factories, sugar factories, coffee processing factories, etc. in and around the city. Home to the Federal University of Espirito Santo (1961). Connected to Rio by rail and road. Population 258,245 (1991 estimate).

Vitoria
Vitoria

The capital of the province of Álava in the Basque Country in northeastern Spain. It is located on the left bank of the Sadra River, a tributary of the Ebro River. It was founded in 581 by the Visigothic king Leovigild as Victoriacum to celebrate his victory over the Basques. In 1200, King Alfonso VIII of Castile conquered it and made it part of his kingdom. The old town surrounds the Cathedral of the Virgin Mary (founded in 1180, rebuilt in the 14th century) on a hill. Old churches such as San Miguel (12th century) and San Pedro (14th century) and the new cathedral, completed in 1946, are located in the new downtown area. There is a garden known as La Florida Park nearby. Manufacture of furniture, automobiles, agricultural machinery, etc., and sugar refining are carried out in the city. Population: 204,961 (1991 estimate).

Vitoria
Vitoria, Francisco de

[Born] 1483? Burgos/Vitoria
Died August 12, 1546, Salamanca One of Spain's greatest theologians. Dominican friar. Studied in Burgos, became professor of theology at the University of Salamanca in 1526. Founder of the Neo-Scholastic school in Spain. His main work, Lectures on Theology (Relectiones theologicae) (1557), is a collection of lectures compiled after his death. Lectures 4 and 5 discuss Spain's rule over the Indians, and he develops a state philosophy that makes him considered the founder of modern international law. He recognized war only as a restoration of justice, and criticized Spain's plundering of the Indians, based on the principle of natural law. In 1526, the Vitoria Society was founded in Spain.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ブラジル南東部，エスピリトサント州の州都。リオデジャネイロの北東約 420km，大西洋岸の港湾都市で，エスピリトサント湾内にあるビトリア島にあり，本土とは橋で結ばれる。 1535年ポルトガル人が建設。第2次世界大戦後ミナスジェライス州の鉱山地帯と鉄道で結ばれ，同国最大の鉄鉱石積出港として発展。 1962年以降積出量が大幅に増加し，それまでの港湾施設では扱えなくなったため，北のトゥバランに大型の鉱石輸送船が入港できる新港が建設された。ビトリア港からは鉄鉱石のほか，コーヒー，モナズ石，木材などを積出す。同州の主要工業中心地でもあり，市内外には石油精製，繊維，製糖，コーヒー処理などの工場がある。エスピリトサント連邦大学 (1961) 所在地。リオと鉄道，道路で連絡。人口 25万 8245 (1991推計) 。

ビトリア
Vitoria

スペイン北東部，バスク州，アラバ県の県都。エブロ川の支流サドラ川左岸に位置する。 581年西ゴート王レオビギルドが対バスクの戦勝を祝いビクトリアクムとして建設した町。 1200年カスティリア王アルフォンソ8世が征服，王国の一部とした。旧市街は丘の上に聖母マリア大聖堂 (1180創建，14世紀再建) を取囲んで広がる。聖ミゲル (12世紀) ，聖ペドロ (14世紀) などの古い聖堂や，1946年に完成した新大聖堂が下町の新市街に位置する。近郊にラフロリダ公園として知られる庭園がある。家具，自動車，農業機械などの製造と製糖が行われる。人口 20万 4961 (1991推計) 。

ビトリア
Vitoria， Francisco de

[生]1483?　ブルゴス/ビトリア
[没]1546.8.12. サラマンカ
スペイン最大の神学者の一人。ドミニコ会士。ブルゴスで学び，1526年サラマンカ大学神学教授。スペインの新スコラ学派の創立者。主著『神学講義』 Relectiones theologicae (1557) は死後編集された講義集で，第4～5講はスペインのインディオ統治を論じ，国家哲学を展開して近代国際法の始祖とされる。戦争を正義の回復としてのみ認め，自然法を原理として，スペインのインディオよりの略奪を批判した。 1926年ビトリア協会がスペインに創立された。

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