Return of a person - Return of a person

Japanese: 人返し - ひとがえし

Since the mid-Edo period, policies to encourage farmers to return to farming were implemented in response to the influx of farmers into cities and the deterioration of rural areas. Due to the penetration of commercial capital into rural areas and the harsh tax burden, farmers left the villages and concentrated in cities, which led to a decline in the agricultural labor force and a reduction in the tax burden. The Edo Shogunate implemented policies to encourage farmers to return to farming, such as the Kansei Reforms by Matsudaira Sadanobu and the Tenpo Reforms by Mizuno Tadakuni, but these had little effect. In particular, in 1843, Mizuno Tadakuni issued the Hito Kaeshi Law, which encouraged farmers to return to their hometowns, prohibited them from moving to Edo, and imposed restrictions on the number of years of employment for migrant servants.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

江戸時代中期以降，農民の都市流入，農村荒廃に対してとられた帰農策。商業資本の農村浸透，過酷な貢租負担などにより，農民の離村，都市集中が行われ，農業労働力の減退，貢租負担の低下をきたしたため，江戸幕府は，松平定信の寛政の改革，水野忠邦の天保の改革などで帰農策をとったが，効果はほとんどなかった。特に天保 14 (1843) 年水野忠邦は人返し法を発令し，帰郷の奨励，江戸移住の禁止，出稼奉公人の年数制限など帰農策を実施した。

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