Vidin - bidin (English spelling)

Japanese: ビディン - びでぃん(英語表記)Vidin
Vidin - bidin (English spelling)

A city on the Danube River in northwestern Bulgaria. Capital of Vidin Province. Population 77,500 (2001). Originated from the Bononia Fortress built by the Romans. During the First Bulgarian Empire, the fortress was remodeled in the 9th and 10th centuries and developed into a city with a diocese. In the 13th century, it played an important role as a border fortress against Asian nomads. Around that time, the area became an independent principality under Ivan Shishman, and in the late 14th century, it became the capital of the Kingdom of Vidin and literature flourished. In 1396, it came under the control of the Ottoman Empire, and from the late 18th to the early 19th century, Paspan Oğlu established de facto control against the central government. Just before Bulgaria gained independence in 1878, the population was 20,000, but the outflow of Turkish residents and the influx of cheap industrial products from Western Europe led to a rapid decline in handicrafts. Since it was connected to Sofia by rail in 1923, it has developed as a river port, and during the socialist era, it was industrialized, with tire manufacturing and chemical industries such as polyamide becoming important industries. It is connected to Calafat in Romania on the opposite bank of the Danube by ferry. The city is home to the ancient Baba Vida Fortress, a historical museum, a theater, and a symphony orchestra based here.

[Kenji Terashima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ブルガリア北西部、ドナウ川沿岸の都市。ビディン県の県都。人口7万7500(2001)。ローマが建設したボノニアBononia要塞(ようさい)を起源とする。第一次ブルガリア帝国時代の9~10世紀に要塞が改築されて主教区をもつ都市に発展し、13世紀にはアジア系遊牧民に対する国境地帯の要塞として重要な役割を果たした。そのころ、一帯はイバン・シシマンを君主とする独立公国となり、14世紀後半にはビディン王国の首都となって文芸が栄えた。1396年オスマン帝国の支配下に入り、18世紀末から19世紀初頭、パスパン・オウルが中央の支配に対抗して事実上の支配を確立した。1878年のブルガリア独立直前には2万人の人口を数えたが、トルコ系住民が流出し、西ヨーロッパの安価な工業製品の流入で手工業が急速に衰退した。1923年にソフィアと鉄道で結ばれてから河港として発達し、社会主義時代に工業化が図られ、タイヤ製造業やポリアミドなど化学工業が重要産業となった。ドナウ川対岸のルーマニアのカラファトとはフェリーで結ばれている。市内には、古い起源をもつバーバ・ビーダ城塞Baba Vida、歴史博物館や劇場があり、ここに本拠を置く交響楽団もある。

[寺島憲治]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Video disc - video disc

>>:  Viti Levu Island (English spelling)

Recommend

Ichiro Fukuzawa

Born January 18, 1898 in Tomioka, Gunma. [Died] Oc...

Varved clay (English spelling: varve)

Also called varves. Fine-grained striped sediments...

Local fighter - local fighter

...Climbing performance, speed, and armament are ...

Hare's-foot fern

...The most commonly cultivated species for garde...

Floating towing net

A type of seine net fishing gear. It is a fishing...

Katsushika School

A school of haiku poetry. Also known as Katsushik...

Sandbar - Sasu

A sandbar is a deposit of sand and gravel formed ...

Name register - Nayosecho

A type of land register from the Edo period. Whil...

Yamamoto Isoroku

Born: April 4, 1884 in Niigata and Nagaoka [Died] ...

Ash - Yes (English spelling)

It is the powder that remains when a substance is...

Enmaraja - Enmaraja

…In the Nara period, it was written as King Enra,...

Montreux - Montreux (English spelling)

An international tourist resort city in the canto...

Space Development Plan

...In the 1960s, when the economy had stabilized,...

Cryptanthus acaulis (English spelling)

… [Takabayashi Masatoshi]. … *Some of the termino...

Bosmina longirostris

Class: Branchiopods, Order: Bivalva, Family: Bosmi...