… Oil, the backbone of Iraq's economy, was discovered in 1909, and the first commercial production took place in Kirkuk in 1927. The oil concessions were given to British companies in 1925 (Iraqi Oil Company in 1925, Mosul Oil Company in 1932, Basra Oil Company in 1938), and in the 1930s crude oil exports began through a pipeline through Syria to the Mediterranean coast. After World War II, oil revenues increased steadily due to the increase in crude oil production from the 1950s onwards, and the adoption of a 50-50 split system for royalty payments from 1952 onwards. … From the Oil Industry…However, most of the oil resources outside the United States were held by companies such as BP and Shell. Therefore, the American powers, centered around the Standard Oil Group, tried to make a strong entry into Iraq, which was considered the most promising new resource area at the time, and in 1928, they cooperated with the US State Department and laid the foundation for Iraq Petroleum Co. (IPC), an Iraqi oil company in which BP, Shell, the French Petroleum Company (CFP), Jersey Standard, and Mobil Co. jointly controlled Iraq's crude oil resources exclusively. In the same year, BP, Shell, and Jersey Standard negotiated and concluded the Achnacarry agreement, which eliminated competition for sales and exports on the world market and fixed their market shares at the time. … *Some of the terminology used to refer to the "Iraq Oil Company" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… イラク経済の柱となる石油が発見されたのは1909年で,27年にキルクークで最初の商業生産が行われた。その利権は1925年以降イギリス系企業(1925年イラク石油会社,32年モースル石油会社,38年バスラ石油会社)に与えられ,1930年代に地中海沿岸に至るシリア経由パイプラインによる原油輸出が開始された。第2次大戦以降は50年代以降の原油生産の増大,52年からの利権料支払での折半方式採用により,石油収入は着実に増加していった。… 【石油産業】より…しかしそれらアメリカ以外の石油資源は,おおむねBPやシェルなどが握っていた。そこでスタンダード・オイル・グループを中心とするアメリカ勢力は,当時最も有望で新しい資源地域と考えられていたイラクに強力に参入しようとして,アメリカ国務省と協力し,1928年にBP,シェル,フランス石油会社(CFP)と並んでジャージー・スタンダードとモービル社がイラクの原油資源を排他的に共同で支配するイラク石油会社Iraq Petroleum Co.(IPC)の基礎をつくった。また,同じ年にBP,シェル,ジャージー・スタンダードが協議して,世界市場での販売や輸出についての競争を排除して,当時のシェアを固定する〈アクナカリー協定Achnacarry agreement〉を結んだ。… ※「イラク石油[会社]」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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