… Pragmaticism is thus a way of determining the meaning of a scientific intellectual concept, which is to ascertain by all possible empirical procedures what actual results the object of the concept produces on our actions. This method was formulated as a rule of logic in Peirce's famous "pragmatic maxim," and the concept of "practical result" in this maxim is the concept of a problem that led to many misunderstandings by James and others later. By "practical result" Peirce does not mean, for example, a concrete, specific psychological effect that "occurs on someone, in some way, somewhere, at some time," as James puts it, but rather, on the contrary, a result that can be experimentally verified by anyone at any time in all future situations, if certain general conditions are met -- in other words, an objective general result on which all rationally thinking, experimentally investigating investigators must ultimately agree. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "pragmatic maxim" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… こうしてプラグマティシズムは科学的知的概念の意味を確定する一つの方法であるが,その方法とは,ある科学的知的概念の意味を確定するには,その概念の対象がわれわれの行動の上に実際にどんな結果を引き起こすかを,あらゆる可能な経験的手続によって確かめよ,というものである。この方法を論理学の一つの守則として定式化したものがパースの有名な〈プラグマティズムの格率pragmatic maxim〉で,その格率におけるいわゆる〈実際的結果〉という概念が後にジェームズらによる多くの誤解を招いた問題の概念である。パースの言う〈実際的結果〉とは,たとえばジェームズが言うような〈だれかの上に,なんらかの仕方で,どこかで,あるとき生ずる〉具体的特殊的心理的効果のことではなく,それとはむしろ逆に,未来のあらゆる状況において,もしある一定の一般的条件を満たすならば,いつでもだれでも実験的に確かめることのできる結果――言いかえれば,合理的に思考し,実験的に探究するすべての探究者たちが最終的に意見の一致にいたらざるをえないような客観的一般的結果――を意味している。… ※「pragmatic maxim」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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