Hyksos - Hyksos (English spelling)

Japanese: ヒクソス - ひくそす(英語表記)Hyksos
Hyksos - Hyksos (English spelling)

The Asians who formed the 15th and 16th dynasties of ancient Egypt. Manetho, an Egyptian historian from the 3rd century BC, was the first to describe the Hyksos, who said that the word Hyksos meant "herd kings". Today, it is understood to mean "princes of foreigners". Manetho also described the intensity of the Hyksos' invasion, saying that "the Hyksos conquered Egypt without a single battle", but today it is understood that Palestinian residents who entered Egypt after the Middle Kingdom gradually increased in number in Lower Egypt, and then expanded their power during the chaos that followed the Middle Kingdom and took control of the Egyptian throne. They brought horses, chariots, and fortification techniques to Egypt, rebuilt the old city of Avaris (probably today's Tanis) in the Delta region and made it their royal capital, worshipped the Egyptian god Set as the Palestinian god Baal, and ruled for about 150 years as the first foreign dynasty to rule Egypt. Their powerful kings were King Kian and the three Apopi kings, and developed trade with various parts of the Orient.

[Denroku Sakai]

[References] | Egyptian History

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代エジプトの第15、16王朝を形成したアジア人。紀元前3世紀のエジプトの史家マネトーはヒクソスについて最初に記述した人で、ヒクソスの意味は「牧人王」であるとした。今日では「異邦人の君侯」の意とされている。マネトーはまた「ヒクソスは一戦も交えずしてエジプトを征服した」としてヒクソスの侵略の激しさを述べたが、今日では、中王国時代以降エジプトに入国したパレスチナの住民が徐々に下エジプトに増え、それが中王国以後の混乱時に勢力を伸ばしエジプト王権を握った、と解されている。彼らはウマと戦車と築城術をエジプトにもたらし、デルタ地帯の古い町アバリス(おそらく今日のタニス)を復興して王都とし、エジプトの神セトをパレスチナのバアル神と同一視して崇拝し、エジプト支配の最初の外来人王朝として約150年にわたって統治した。強力な王はキヤン王と3人のアポピ王で、オリエント各地との交易を発達させた。

[酒井傳六]

[参照項目] | エジプト史

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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