Essential fatty acids - Hissushibosan

Japanese: 必須脂肪酸 - ひっすしぼうさん
Essential fatty acids - Hissushibosan

Fatty acids are necessary for the growth and normal physiological functions of animals, but cannot be synthesized in the body and must be ingested through food. In 1929, their dietary essentiality was first revealed by husband and wife duo Burr (1896-1990). There are many types of essential fatty acids, but linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid are the most representative. Essential fatty acids require a certain structure to function. The required amount of linoleic acid is considered to be 1-2% of the energy intake, so Japanese people will not be deficient in it through a normal diet. Essential fatty acids are mainly incorporated into phospholipids, helping to express the normal function of biological membranes, and are also converted into various eicosanoids (hormone-like physiologically active substances that are essential for regulating hormones and cell functions. These include prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes), which regulate metabolism and function. They also have the effect of lowering serum cholesterol levels. In general, vegetable oils contain a lot of linoleic acid, and safflower oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, and rice oil are particularly good sources.

[Michihiro Kanno]

"Comprehensive Lipid Science" edited by Kayama Hikaru (1989, Koseisha Kouseikaku)""Fats and Adult Diseases - Nutritional Therapy Saves Modern People" written by Mirell Lesser, translated by Osawa Hiroshi (1992, Brain Publishing)""EPA Medicine - From Epidemiology and Nutrition to Clinical Applications" written by Kumagai Akira (1994, Nakayama Shoten)""AA, EPA, DHA - Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids" edited by Kayama Hikaru (1995, Koseisha Kouseikaku)" ▽ "Fighting Cancer and Adult Diseases - Good Fats, Bad Fats" written by John Figanen, translated by Imamura Koichi (1995, Tokuma Shoten)""Dangerous Oils Are Causing Disease" written by John Figanen, translated by Imamura Koichi (1998, Office Nakamura, Chuo Art Publishing)" ▽ "Lipids and Cancer" edited by Takada Hideho et al., supervised by the Japanese Society of Lipid Nutrition (2000, Academic Press Center)"

[References] | Arachidonic acid | Serum | Cholesterol | Fatty acids | Prostaglandins | Hormones | Linoleic acid | Linolenic acid | Phospholipids

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

動物の成長や正常な生理機能維持のために必要で、体内では合成できないため食事として摂取しなければならない脂肪酸。1929年ブァーBurr(1896―1990)夫妻によって初めて食事必須性が明らかにされた。多種類の必須脂肪酸が知られているが、リノール酸、α(アルファ)-リノレン酸およびアラキドン酸が代表的なものである。必須脂肪酸がその機能を発揮するためには一定の構造が要求される。必要量はリノール酸としてエネルギー摂取量の1~2%とみなされるので、日本人の場合、通常の食事で不足することはない。必須脂肪酸は主としてリン脂質に組み込まれ生体膜の正常な機能発現に役だち、また種々のエイコサノイド(ホルモン様の生理活性物質で、ホルモンや細胞機能の調節に不可欠の物質。プロスタグランジン、ロイコトリエン、トロンボキサンなどがある)に転換され代謝や機能の調節作用を営んでいる。さらに血清コレステロール濃度低下効果をも有する。一般に植物性油脂はリノール酸を多く含み、なかでもサフラワー油、ヒマワリ油、トウモロコシ油、大豆油、米油などはよい供給源である。

[菅野道廣]

『鹿山光編『総合脂質科学』(1989・恒星社厚生閣)』『マイレル・レッサー著、大沢博訳『脂肪と成人病――栄養療法が現代人を救う』(1992・ブレーン出版)』『熊谷朗著『EPAの医学――疫学・栄養学から臨床応用まで』(1994・中山書店)』『鹿山光編『AA、EPA、DHA――高度不飽和脂肪酸』(1995・恒星社厚生閣)』『ジョン・フィガネン著、今村光一訳『ガン・成人病を撃退する――よい脂肪悪い脂肪』(1995・徳間書店)』『ジョン・フィガネン著、今村光一訳『危険な油が病気を起こしている』(1998・オフィス中村、中央アート出版社発売)』『日本脂質栄養学会監修、高田英穂ほか編『脂質とガン』(2000・学会出版センター)』

[参照項目] | アラキドン酸 | 血清 | コレステロール | 脂肪酸 | プロスタグランジン | ホルモン | リノール酸 | リノレン酸 | リン脂質

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Graphology

>>:  Essential elements - Hissgenso

Recommend

Sansei

This refers to the three major collection systems ...

Westminster Hospital

…Inspired by this, banker Henry Hoare and religio...

Evening glory

[1] [Noun] ① An annual creeping plant of the Cucur...

Odaka [town]

An old town in Soma County, eastern Fukushima Pref...

Proportionality - Fins

When the relationship between two positive number...

Activation - Activation

〘Noun〙① A state in which atoms, molecules, ions, e...

Mehetia

…The islands are further divided into two groups:...

Karumigo - Karumigo

…Nago were considered to be within the master'...

Alpha-Methylacrylic Acid

...α-methylacrylic acid is a compound word of met...

South-sea myrtle

…In Japan, it is a flowering tree of the Myrtacea...

Ibn Malik

…However, the collection of various academic fiel...

medical science

…Though the meaning of medicine has changed over ...

Chen Wang Dao (English spelling)

1890‐1977 Chinese scholar and politician. A native...

Clark, J.

...is a sport in which the engines and bodies of ...

The Silence of God Trilogy - kami no chinmoku sanbusaku

...Swedish film director. Bergman is known as a s...