Hispanic - Hispanic (English spelling)

Japanese: ヒスパニック - ひすぱにっく(英語表記)Hispanic
Hispanic - Hispanic (English spelling)
Hispanic Americans. Refers to people from Latin America who speak Spanish as their first language and who live in the United States. The term Latino, which is used to refer to people of Latin American origin, is also common, especially in California. In contrast, Hispanic has a sense of Spanish tradition, and is preferred in political and business circles. Sixty percent of Hispanics are of Mexican descent, 20% are of Puerto Rican descent, and 10% are of Cuban descent. Mexicans live mainly in California, New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado, while Puerto Ricans live in New York. In 2000, they overtook blacks to become the largest minority group, numbering approximately 43 million. In general, they do not put much effort into learning English, and try to use Spanish as much as possible at home and at work. This situation has spurred the "English (official language)" movement across the United States. English official language laws have already been enacted in 23 states. Among ethnic groups, they are among the poorest and have a low level of education, but they tend to settle in the same area and give back to their hometown, which is stronger than that of blacks, and many of them go to the polls, making them a major political force. Originally, they were staunch supporters of the Democratic Party, but as their income and standard of living increase, they tend to support the Republican Party. Many are Catholics, and in the 2004 presidential election, votes against same-sex marriage and the acceptance of abortion went to Bush. In terms of threatening American identity, they are the minority group that poses the greatest problem, and some even whisper about the "Hispanic threat" due to fears that they could split the United States into two races, cultures, and languages. Mexican-Americans, the largest group of Hispanics, are called Chicano for men and Chicana for women.

(Ken Inoue, Professor, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo / 2007)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:
ヒスパニック・アメリカン。スペイン語を母国語とする中南米出身者やその子孫で米国に居住する人々を指す。中南米の出自により自覚的なラティーノ(Latino)という呼称も、特にカリフォルニア州などでは一般的。これに対して、ヒスパニックには、スペインの伝統を意識する語感があり、政財界などではこちらが好んで使われる。メキシコ系が6割、プエルトリコ系が2割、キューバ系が1割を占める。メキシコ系は主にカリフォルニア、ニューメキシコ、アリゾナ、コロラドなどに、プエルトリコ系はニューヨークに住む。2000年には黒人を抜いて、最大のマイノリティー集団となり、その数は約4300万人。概して、英語の習得に力を入れず、家庭、職場でも可能な限りスペイン語を使おうとする。そうした実態が、全米各地の「英語(公用語)化」運動に拍車をかけることとなった。英語公用語化法はすでに23州で成立している。エスニック・グループの中でも貧しい部類に属し、教育レベルも低いが、同一地域に定着して地元に利益を還元する傾向は黒人より強く、多くが投票所に足を運ぶことから、一大政治勢力を成すに至っている。元来、民主党の固い支持層であったが、所得の増加、生活の向上と共に、共和党支持に転じていく傾向がある。カトリック信者が多く、04年大統領選においては、同性婚、妊娠中絶容認に反発した票がブッシュ支持に流れた。アメリカン・アイデンティティーを脅かすという意味ではもっとも大きな問題を孕(はら)んだマイノリティー集団で、米国を2つの民族、文化、言語に分裂させる可能性への危惧から、一部で「ヒスパニック脅威論」さえささやかれる。ヒスパニックで最多のメキシコ系アメリカ人は、男性をチカーノ、女性をチカーナと呼ぶ。

(井上健 東京大学大学院総合文化研究科教授 / 2007年)

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