B cells

Japanese: B細胞 - びーさいぼう
B cells

Although it is a type of lymphocyte involved in the immune mechanism, it is more appropriate to describe it as B cells and T cells together. This is because the currently dominant view is that there are two groups of lymphocytes that play an important role in the immune system, which differ in their origins and functions. Bone marrow stem cells can differentiate into lymphocytes in a place called the thymus, or they can differentiate into lymphocytes only in the bone marrow, independently of the thymus. The former are called T cells or T lymphocytes, taking the "T" from the "thymus" to mean that they originate from the thymus, whereas the latter are called B cells or B lymphocytes, taking the "B" from the "bone marrow" to mean that they originate from the bone marrow.

Although B cells and T cells are both lymphocytes, they differ in various ways, so in the case of diseases involving lymphocytes or tumors that originate from lymphocytes, it is important clinically to determine which cells are predominant. B cells are involved in the production of antibody globulins in the immune response, but other differences between B cells and T cells are as described in the section on T cells.

[Yutaka Watanabe]

[Reference] | T cells

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

免疫機序(メカニズム)に関与するリンパ球の一種であるが、B細胞とT細胞をあわせて説明するほうが適当である。なぜなら、免疫機構において重要な役割を演ずるリンパ球には、その起源と機能とが異なる二つのグループが存在しているという考え方が、現在支配的なためである。骨髄の幹細胞は、胸腺(きょうせん)という場でリンパ球に分化する場合と、胸腺とは無関係に骨髄でのみリンパ球に分化する場合とがあり、前者を胸腺由来という意味で、胸腺ThymusのTをとってT細胞あるいはTリンパ球とよぶのに反し、後者を骨髄由来という意味で、骨髄Bone marrowのBをとってB細胞あるいはBリンパ球とよんでいる。

 B細胞とT細胞とでは同じリンパ球であっても、種々の点において異なっているため、リンパ球、あるいはそれを母細胞とする腫瘍(しゅよう)などの疾患の場合、どちらの細胞が主体を占めるかなどの検索が臨床的にも重視されている。B細胞は、免疫反応の場においては抗体グロブリンの産生に関与しているが、その他のB細胞とT細胞との差異についてはT細胞の項に述べたとおりである。

[渡辺 裕]

[参照項目] | T細胞

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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