German poet. Born in Quedlinburg, Prussia, he studied theology at the universities of Jena and Leipzig. He participated in the literary magazine "Bremen Contributions" and published the first three cantos of the great religious epic poem "Messias" in 1748, which won enthusiastic praise from the world. It was an elevation of musical, sentimental, and pietistic emotions and an innovation against the Enlightenment ideas and French-style poetic style that were dominant in German literature at the time. He transformed ancient Greek poetic forms into German intonations, boldly reformed idiom, and created numerous odes. He went further and succeeded in creating free verse odes, culminating in "Fastfest" (1759), and took the position of the first national poet in modern German literature. His literary success and comfortable life robbed him of the desire to grow, and the sequel to "Messiah" cannot be said to be of much value. However, in terms of their encounter with antiquity and their intense sensitivity, it is impossible to imagine the poetic beginnings of Goethe and Miller without Klopstock, and Hölderlin in particular owed a great deal to Klopstock in terms of both poetics and emotions. In this way, together with the father of modern German poetry, his influence extends all the way to Rilke. [Kokichi Ikuno] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの詩人。プロイセンのクベドリンブルクに生まれ、イエナとライプツィヒの両大学で神学を学んだ。文学雑誌『ブレーメン寄稿』に参加して、1748年宗教的な大叙事詩『救世主(メシーアス)』の第3歌までを発表し、世の熱狂的な賞賛を博した。それは当時のドイツ文学において支配的だった啓蒙(けいもう)思想やフランス風の詩法に対する、音楽的、感傷主義的、敬虔(けいけん)主義的な感情の高揚であり、革新であった。彼は古代ギリシアの詩形をドイツ語の抑揚のなかへ移し変え、語法を大胆に改革して数々のオーデ(頌歌(しょうか))をつくり、さらに進んで『春の祝い』(1759)を頂点とする自由律の頌歌の創造に成功し、ドイツ近代文学における最初の国民詩人の地位を占めた。その文学的成功と安楽な生活は、その後の彼からかえって成長の意欲を奪い、『救世主』の続稿も価値高いものとはいえない。しかし古代との遭遇(そうぐう)や、感受力の強烈さという点だけでも、ゲーテ、ミラーの詩的出発は、クロプシュトックなしには考えられないし、とくにヘルダーリンが詩法的、感情的に彼に負うところは大きかった。彼はこうしてドイツ近代詩の祖とともに、その影響は遠くリルケにまで及んでいる。 [生野幸吉] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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