A general term for those who refused to follow the rules, rites, and practices of the Church of England in England. Logically, it includes Roman Catholics, but it is usually used to refer to Protestant groups. From the establishment of the Church of England in the 16th century until the Puritan Revolution, the majority of nonconformists were Puritans in a broad sense (Independents, Presbyterians, Baptists, Quakers, etc.). After the Restoration of the Monarchy (1660), nonconformists were persecuted and politically discriminated against under the Clarendon Code and the Examination Act, but the Toleration Act of 1689 granted freedom of religion to all except for some anti-trinitarians. Nonconformists, including Unitarians and Methodists, who gained power in the 18th century, became the core of the radical movement in England and produced many people who contributed to the Industrial Revolution, but political, social, and educational inequality continued until the late 19th century. They are now united in the Free Church Federal Council. [Hiroshi Imai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスで国教会の規律、礼拝式、慣行に従うことを拒否した人たちの総称。論理的にはローマ・カトリック教徒も含まれるが、通常はプロテスタント系のそれをさして用いられる。16世紀のイングランド教会の樹立以後、ピューリタン革命までは、広義のピューリタン(独立派、長老派、バプティスト派、クェーカー派など)が非国教徒の主体を占めた。王政復古(1660)後、クラレンドン法典および審査法によって、非国教徒は国教会への信従を強制されて迫害を受け、政治的にも差別されたが、1689年の寛容法によって、一部の反三位(さんみ)一体論者を除いて、信仰の自由が認められた。18世紀に勢力を伸ばしたユニテリアン、メソジスト派を加えた非国教徒は、イギリスにおける急進主義運動の中核となり、また産業革命に貢献した人物を輩出したが、政治、社会、教育上の不平等は19世紀後半まで続いた。現在は自由教会連合協議会Free Church Federal Councilに結集している。 [今井 宏] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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