Lev Semenovich Vygotskiy

A Russian psychologist. He is world-famous for founding the "Cultural-Historical Theory of the Development of Higher Mental Functions in Human Beings" with Leont'ev (1903-1979) and A. R. Luria. He graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow University and the Department of History and Philosophy of the Sianyavsky University in 1917, and received his doctorate in 1925 for "Psychology of Art." He believed that higher mental functions unique to humans, such as tools, the use of language, abstract thinking, and voluntary and conscious actions, have historical and social origins, and from a Marxist perspective, he developed his own theories in the fields of developmental psychology, child psychology, educational psychology, defect studies, and linguistic psychology, laying the foundations for modern Russian (Soviet) psychology. His successors are today known as the "Vygotsky School." His major works include "The History of the Development of Higher Mental Functions" (1931) and "Thought and Language" (1934), and a complete collection of his works was published in six volumes (1983-1984).

[Amano Kiyoshi]

"Thought and Language, Volumes 1 and 2, translated by Yoshimatsu Shibata (1962, Meijitosho Publishing/New translation, 1 volume, 2001, Shindokushosha)" ▽ "Vygotsky's Theory of Development: The Formation and Development of a Cultural-Historical Theory, by Kazuo Nakamura (1998, University of Tokyo Press)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ロシアの心理学者。レオンチェフAleksei Nikolaevich Leont'ev（1903―1979）、A・R・ルリアらと「人間の高次精神機能の発達についての文化・歴史的理論」を創設したことで世界的に有名。1917年にモスクワ大学法学部、シヤニャフスキー大学歴史哲学科を同時に卒業、1925年『芸術心理学』で博士号を得る。人間に固有な道具、言語の使用、抽象的思考、随意的・意識的行為などの高次精神機能は、歴史的・社会的起源をもつと考え、マルクス主義の立場から、発達心理、児童心理、教育心理学、欠陥学、言語心理学の分野で独自の理論を展開し、現在のロシア（ソビエト）心理学の基礎をつくった。この後継者たちは、今日「ビゴツキー学派」とよばれている。おもな著書に『高次精神機能の発達史』（1931）、『思考と言語』（1934）などがあり、また全集6巻（1983～1984）が公刊された。

［天野　清］

『柴田義松訳『思考と言語』上下（1962・明治図書出版／新訳版全1巻・2001・新読書社）』▽『中村和夫著『ヴィゴーツキーの発達論――文化‐歴史的理論の形成と展開』（1998・東京大学出版会）』

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