The cavity from the nostrils to the pharynx is also called "bikou". The nasal cavity acts as a passageway between the outside air and the lungs, purifying the air and regulating the temperature and humidity of the air. In addition, a part of it functions as an olfactory organ and is involved in vocalization. The nasal cavity is divided into two almost symmetrical cavities of equal size by the nasal septum. The shape of the nasal cavity is the same as the bony nasal cavity that surrounds it. The nasal cavity is divided into the anterior nasal vestibule and the nasal cavity in the narrow sense. The entrance to the nasal vestibule is the external nares. The nasal hairs that grow in the nasal vestibule are short and stiff, but they grow densely and cross each other, and serve to remove dust and foreign objects from the air. The inner surface of the nasal cavity in the narrow sense, excluding the nasal vestibule, is covered with a thick mucous membrane rich in blood vessels, and three nasal turbinates (upper, middle, and lower) protrude from the outer wall into the cavity. The nasal passage runs longitudinally below each turbinate. The nasal passage passes through the nasopharyngeal meatus at the rear and exits through the posterior nares into the pharynx. The olfactory region, where olfactory cells are arranged, is located in the mucous membrane at the top of the nasal cavity. In many mammals, an organ called Jacobson's vomeronasal organ (named after the Danish anatomist L. Jacobson (1783-1843)) is developed just above the incisive canal at the lower edge of the nasal septum cartilage, and it functions in the same way as the olfactory mucosa. In humans, it is developed during the fetal period, but by adulthood, it has almost completely atrophied and degenerated. There are four cavities that connect to the nasal cavity within the bony wall surrounding the nasal cavity, called paranasal sinuses. The four sinuses are the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses. [Kazuyo Shimai] [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> Nose structure Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鼻孔(びこう)(鼻の穴)から咽頭(いんとう)に至るまでの腔で、「びこう」とも読む。鼻腔は外気と肺との間の空気の出入路として働き、空気の清浄化、空気の温度と湿度の調節を行うほか、一部分は嗅覚器(きゅうかくき)としての機能をもち、発声にも関与する。鼻腔は、鼻中隔によって、ほぼ左右対称的な、同大な腔に分けられている。鼻腔の形態はこれを取り囲む骨性鼻腔と同じである。鼻腔は前方の鼻前庭と狭義の鼻腔とに分けられる。鼻前庭への入口が外鼻孔である。鼻前庭に生えている鼻毛は短い剛毛であるが、密生、交錯し、空気の塵埃(じんあい)や異物を除去する役を果たしている。鼻前庭を除いた狭義の鼻腔の内面は、血管に富む厚い粘膜に覆われ、外側壁からは上・中・下の3個の鼻甲介が内腔に向かって突出している。鼻甲介の下側にそれぞれ鼻道が縦走している。鼻道は後方で鼻咽道を通って後鼻孔から咽頭に抜ける。鼻腔の上部の一部粘膜には、嗅覚をつかさどる嗅細胞が配列している嗅部がある。多くの哺乳(ほにゅう)動物では、鼻中隔軟骨の下縁にある切歯管の直上部にヤコブソンの鋤鼻器(じょびき)(デンマークの解剖学者ヤコブソンL. Jacobson(1783―1843)にちなむ)とよばれる器官が発達し、嗅粘膜と同じ働きをしている。ヒトでは胎生期には発達しているが、成人になると、ほとんど萎縮(いしゅく)退化してしまう。鼻腔を囲む骨壁内には鼻腔に通じる内腔が4個あり、副鼻腔とよばれる。4個の副鼻腔とは前頭洞、篩骨洞(しこつどう)、蝶形骨洞(ちょうけいこつどう)、および上顎洞(じょうがくどう)である。 [嶋井和世] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 鼻の構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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