Victoria Falls - Victoria Falls

Japanese: ビクトリア滝 - びくとりあたき(英語表記)Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls - Victoria Falls

A waterfall on the Zambezi River, which flows along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe in southern Africa. The river becomes shallow and wide just upstream of the falls, and the width of the falls is about 1,700 meters in total, but there is an island that divides it into four parts. The drop is 118 meters. The amount of water varies between the rainy and dry seasons, and at its highest in April and May, 300,000 cubic meters of water falls per minute with a thunderous sound into a narrow cleft in the Tertiary basalt plateau. It was discovered by Livingstone in 1855 and named after the Queen of England at the time. It was registered as a natural World Heritage Site in 1989 (World Natural Heritage). The local Makorok people call it Mosi-oa-tunya (meaning "Roaring Smoke"). The Zambian side on the north bank of the river is a game reserve, and the Zimbabwean side to the south is a national park, and many tourists visit the area, mainly during the dry season from June to October. Just downstream from the falls, a 198-metre-long iron bridge is built 94 metres above the water, carrying the railway line from Cape Town to Lusaka. A power station was built there in 1938.

[Kazuo Nakamura]

[References] | Zambezi River | Livingstone

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アフリカ南部、ザンビアとジンバブエの国境を流れるザンベジ川にかかる滝。滝のすぐ上流側で川は浅く広くなり、滝の幅は全体で約1700メートルであるが、島があって四つの部分に分かれている。落差は118メートル。水量は雨期と乾期とで違い、もっとも多くなる4~5月には毎分30万立方メートルもの水が、第三紀の玄武岩の高原にできた狭い割れ目の中に轟音(ごうおん)とともに流れ落ちる。1855年にリビングストンが発見して、当時のイギリス女王にちなんで命名した。1989年に世界遺産の自然遺産として登録されている(世界自然遺産)。現地のマコロク人の呼称はモシ・オ・トゥニャMosi-oa-tunya(「とどろく煙」の意)である。川の北岸のザンビア側は動物保護区、南のジンバブエ側は国立公園となっていて、6~10月の乾期を中心に多数の観光客が訪れる。滝のすぐ下流で、水面から94メートルの高さに長さ198メートルの鉄橋が架かり、ケープ・タウンからルサカに通じる鉄道が通っている。1938年に発電所がつくられた。

[中村和郎]

[参照項目] | ザンベジ川 | リビングストン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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