Academic achievement survey - gakuryokuchosa

Japanese: 学力調査 - がくりょくちょうさ

...However, even though various techniques have been developed for academic achievement tests, such as recall, completion, multiple choice, combination, and true/false tests, their main focus tends to be on measuring the amount of knowledge and memory.Since it is difficult to measure thinking ability, logical development, and sentence construction ability, the merits and demerits of tests in education often become a social issue.
[Academic achievement survey]
A large-scale survey of academic ability conducted by various institutions for the purpose of improving educational administration and planning, and for educational research. A representative example of such a survey before the war was the Academic Ability Survey for Young Men, which began in 1905 and was conducted at the time of conscription examinations in order to find out to what extent the public had acquired the basic academic ability required to become a soldier.

From [Conscription Examination]

...In terms of health and other factors, those with severe physical and mental disabilities were exempt, those with mild physical and mental disabilities were classified as Class D, and those with disabilities such as hearing loss and severe myopia were classified as Class C. From the mid-Meiji period onwards, academic ability tests were conducted on all test-takers regardless of whether they passed or failed, and the conscription examinations were used to thoroughly investigate and grasp the physical condition, health, and academic levels of all young men nationwide. The conscription examinations were conducted in the conscription districts of the divisions and regiments (infantry only) specified in the Army District Table, which were divided into several conscription districts. Young men took the examination in the conscription district to which their domicile belonged, and were assigned by lottery to active duty, first replacement military service, or second replacement military service, in the order Class A and Class B, depending on the number of conscripts allocated to each conscription district. ...

*Some explanations of terms that refer to "academic achievement surveys" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…しかし，学力テストは，再生法，完成法，選択法，結合法，真偽法などさまざまな技術が開発されても，その中心は，知識と記憶の量を測ることになりがちであり，思考力，論理展開力，文章構成力などは測定困難なために，教育の中では，その功罪がしばしば社会問題となる。
［学力調査］
　教育行政，教育計画の改善や教育研究のために，さまざまな機関が大規模に行う学力実態の調査。戦前の代表的なものは1905年から行われた壮丁学力調査で，これは兵士になるのに必要な基礎的学力を国民がどの程度習得しているかを知る目的で徴兵検査時に行われた。…

【徴兵検査】より

…健康その他では，重度の身心障害者は免役，軽度の身心障害者は丁種，難聴，強度の近視などの障害は丙種とされた。明治中期以降，検査の合否に関係なく全受検者の学力調査が行われ，徴兵検査で全国壮丁の体位，健康，学力の水準をもれなく調査掌握した。　徴兵検査は陸軍管区表に定められた師管および連隊区(歩兵のみ)を徴兵区としてこれを若干の徴募区に分け，壮丁は本籍地が所属する徴募区で受検し，徴募区ごとに配賦された徴集人員数により，甲種，乙種の順に抽選によって，現役，第一補充兵役，第二補充兵役に振り分けられた。…

※「学力調査」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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