For two variables x and y , if y is proportional to the inverse of x , then y is said to be inversely proportional to x . This relationship can be expressed as follows, using a constant k : In this case, x is also inversely proportional to y , so it can also be said that x and y are inversely proportional to each other. When y is inversely proportional to x , the product of x and y is a constant value. In this case, if y is considered to be a function of x , the graph of the function can be expressed as a right-angled hyperbola, with the x- axis and y- axis being the asymptote of the hyperbola. Examples of inversely proportional relationships include the length of the vertical and horizontal sides of a rectangle with a constant area, and the volume and pressure of a gas at a constant temperature (→ Boyle's law). Using the constant k , When expressed as such, y is said to be inversely proportional to the nth power of x . The gravitational force acting between two objects of constant mass is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects (→ universal gravitation). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
二つの変量 x,y について,y がx の逆数に比例するとき,y は x に反比例するという。この関係は,定数 k を用いて, と表される。このとき x も y に反比例するので,x とy は互いに反比例の関係にあるということもある。y がx に反比例するとき,x とy の積は一定の値をとる。このとき y を x の関数とみなすと,関数のグラフは直角双曲線で表され,x軸と y軸が双曲線の漸近線である。反比例の関係の例としては,面積が一定の長方形の縦の辺の長さと横の辺の長さ,温度が一定のときの気体の体積と圧力(→ボイルの法則)などがあげられる。定数 k を用いて, と表されるとき,y は x の n乗に反比例するという。質量が一定の二つの物体間に働く重力は,物体間の距離の 2乗に反比例する(→万有引力)。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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