For example, the French author Charles Estienne's (1503-64) "Book of the Anatomy" (1545) and especially the Dutch author Frederick Ruysch's (1638-1731) "The Anatomy Book" (4 volumes) (1701-04) combine precise realistic depictions in a frightening way, creating a fantastical or even caricatured effect. In addition, Arcimboldo's composite figures made of foreign objects are reminiscent of helmets decorated with animals and masks, but they may also be influenced by dissected anatomical drawings, in which muscles, tendons, and internal organs are piled up as objects. It is also easy to imagine that the robotic figures of Giovanni Battista Bracelli (late 16th century to early 17th century) reflect the nervous system, arterial and venous systems of human figures. In this way, anatomical drawings expanded the visual realm that stimulated the imagination of artists in the early modern period. From [Caricature]…In Italy, Leonardo da Vinci explored physiognomy and character studies, and influences from the north, such as Q. Masseis, can also be seen. The mannerist Arcimboldo constructed faces from an accumulation of objects such as fruits and fish, and Giovanni-Battista Bracelli also created a collection of prints depicting a kind of artificial human, suggesting a materialization of humans that differs from the Renaissance view of humans. This diversification is also seen in J. Caro's exaggerated prints of dwarfs, clowns, and beggars. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Bracelli, GB" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…たとえばフランスのエティエンヌCharles Estienne(1503‐64)の《人体解剖書》(1545)や,ことにオランダのルイスFrederick Ruysch(1638‐1731)の《解剖学宝鑑》4巻(1701‐04)などは精緻な写実的描写の戦慄的な組合せによって幻想的あるいは戯画的ともいえる効果を与えている。なおアルチンボルドの異物による合成人物像の成立には,動物や仮面が装飾された冑(かぶと)などの暗示もあるが,筋肉,腱,内臓が物として堆積しているという,解体された解剖図の影響とも想定されようし,またブラチェリGiovanni Battista Bracelli(16世紀末~17世紀初め)のロボット風人物にも神経系や動・静脈系の人間像の反映が容易に推測される。このように近世において解剖図は美術家の想像力を刺激する視覚領域を拡大させた。… 【カリカチュア】より…イタリアではレオナルド・ダ・ビンチの人相学的・性格学的探求があり,Q.マセイスなど北方への影響もうかがえる。マニエリストのアルチンボルドは果物や魚など,物の集積によって顔を構成し,ブラチェリGiovanni‐Battista Bracelliも一種の人造人間を描いた版画集をつくって,ルネサンス的人間観とは異なる人間の物質化を暗示している。またその多様化は矮人,道化,乞食を誇張して版画化したJ.カロにも現れる。… ※「Bracelli,G.B.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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