An ancient Roman temple in Rome. Built by Emperor Hadrian around 115-125, it is the largest domed building in Rome. It was completed during the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161). The inner diameter and ceiling height of the rotunda are both 43.2 meters, and the walls are 6.2 meters thick. At the north entrance there is a nave with Corinthian prostyle columns, the columns of which are 12.5 meters high. There are seven niches inside the nave, which are thought to have been used to worship the seven supreme gods, including Jupiter, Apollo, Diana, and Mercury. The inside of the dome, excluding the dome skylight area, is covered with a total of 28 rows of lattices in a radial pattern, and each lattice has five rows. The only light coming in is from a circular skylight (7.5 meters in diameter) at the top of the dome; there are no windows in the walls, and the exterior of this huge hall is completely unadorned. This temple is counted among the timeless masterpieces of Western architecture, due to the beauty of its numerical proportions and the amazing civil engineering technology of the time that created its magnificent interior space. Ownership of the Pantheon passed to the Pope in the early 7th century, and it became a Christian temple. In addition to famous people such as Raphael, modern Italian kings are buried there, making it a national mausoleum. The historic center of Rome, where the Pantheon is located, is registered as a World Heritage Site along with the Papal States and the Church of San Paolo fuori le Mura (World Cultural Heritage). The name Pantheon means "Temple of All Gods," but today it is used to mean a building dedicated to a deceased person of national honor; a famous example of this type is the "Paris Pantheon," which uses the Sainte-Geneviève Abbey Basilica as its mausoleum. [Masaaki Maeda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ローマ市内にある古代ローマの神殿。115~125年ごろ、ハドリアヌス帝によって建てられた、ローマ最大の円蓋(えんがい)建築。完成はアントニヌス・ピウス帝(在位138~161)時代。円形本堂の内径ならびに天井の高さはいずれも43.2メートル、壁の厚さ6.2メートル。北側入口にコリント式柱前柱式の突出廊があり、柱の高さは12.5メートル。本堂内部には七つの壁龕(へきがん)が設けられ、おそらくユピテル(ジュピター)、アポロン、ディアナ(ダイアナ)、メルクリウス(マーキュリー)などの七至上神が祀(まつ)られていたと考えられる。ドームの内側は円蓋天窓の部分を除いて放射状に全部で28列の格間(ごうま)で覆われ、それぞれの格間は五段ずつになっている。採光はドーム頂上に設けられた円形天窓(直径7.5メートル)だけで、壁面には窓はなく、巨大な堂の外形はまったく無装飾である。この神殿は、その数的比例の美と壮大な内部空間の創造という当時の驚くべき土木技術により、西洋建築史上不朽の名作の一つに数えられる。パンテオンは7世紀初めその所有権が教皇の手に渡り、キリスト教の寺院となった。ラファエッロら有名人のほか、近代イタリア諸王が埋葬され、国家的墓廟(ぼびょう)となっている。なお、パンテオンのあるローマ歴史地区は教皇領、サンパオロ・フォーリ・レ・ムーラ教会とともに世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。 パンテオンの名称は、「すべての神々の神殿」といった意味であるが、今日では国家的栄誉のある物故者に捧(ささ)げられる建物の意味に用いられ、この種の例としてはサント・ジュヌビエーブ修道院聖堂を霊廟とした「パリのパンテオン」が有名である。 [前田正明] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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