The phenomenon in which an object splits and one part flies out, while the remaining part moves in the opposite direction. The backward movement of a cannon when a shell is fired, or the movement of a rocket propelled by burning and ejecting fuel, are recoils, but they are often called recoils. In cloud chamber photographs showing the emission of alpha and beta rays from radioactive nuclei, the thick, short tracks emanating from the decay point represent the recoil of the remaining nucleus. Recoils occur according to the law of conservation of momentum, so in nuclear and elementary particle reactions, the tracks of the ejected and recoiled particles when a particle decays or when an incident particle collides with a target particle can be analyzed to obtain information such as the mass and energy of the reacting particles. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
物体が分裂して,一部分が飛出すとき,残りの部分が逆向きに動く現象。砲弾を撃ったときの大砲の後退運動や,ロケットが燃料を燃焼・噴出して推進する運動は反跳であるが,反動と呼ばれることが多い。放射性核種からのα線やβ線の射出を示す霧箱写真において,崩壊点から出ている太く短い飛跡は残された核の反跳を表わしている。反跳は運動量保存則に従って起るので,核反応や素粒子反応では,粒子が崩壊したとき,または標的粒子に入射粒子を衝突させたときの射出粒子や反跳粒子の飛跡を解析して,反応する粒子の質量,エネルギーなどの情報が得られる。
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