A form of poetry from ancient Greece and Rome. It alternates between hexameter (a long and short stanza of six rhymes) and pentametros (a five rhymes of five rhymes). It is thought to have been introduced from Phrygia as a song to accompany the flute. It is suitable for concise expression and has a wide range of applications. It was used for banquet songs, memorial songs, military songs, political speeches, histories, dedications, epitaphs, and laments. In the Hellenistic period, many elegiac poems appeared, including Callimachus's Aetia, which was the most popular form among Alexandrian poets. However, new developments were already seen around the time of Philetas and Asclepiades, and in addition to the traditional forms, works depicting scenes of urban and rural life, mythological scenes, and works with love themes appeared. The first Roman poet to use this form in earnest was Catulus, who composed long elegiac poems in addition to short epigrams. Tibullus, Propertius and others perfected this form as Latin love poetry, and all of Ovid's works except for the Metamorphoses are in this form. Furthermore, the epigrams of Martialis, written a generation later, also mainly used the elegiac form. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
古代ギリシア・ローマの詩形の一つ。ヘクサメトロス (長短々格の六脚韻句) とペンタメトロス (同五脚韻句) を交互に繰返す。笛を伴奏にする歌として古くフリュギアから移入されたものらしい。簡潔な表現に適し,応用範囲は広い。酒宴の歌,追憶歌,軍歌,政見発表,歴史,献呈辞,墓碑銘,哀歌などに用いられた。ヘレニズム時代にはアレクサンドリア派の詩人たちの最も好む詩形として,カリマコスの『アイティア』を筆頭に多数のエレゲイア詩が現れたが,すでにフィレタスやアスクレピアデスらの頃から新しい発展がみられ,従来のものと並んで,都会や田園の生活の情景や,神話の場面などを描くものと,恋愛をテーマにするものが現れた。ローマで本格的にこの詩形を用いた最初の詩人はカツルスで,彼は短いエピグラムのほかに長いエレゲイアも作った。チブルス,プロペルチウスらはこの詩形をラテン恋愛詩のものとして完成し,『変形譚』を除くオウィディウスの全作品もこの詩形による。なお1世代のちのマルチアリスのエピグラムもまたエレゲイアの形式をおもに用いている。
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