Handanka system

Japanese: 半檀家制 - はんだんかせい

This refers to a temple-parishioner relationship in which family members belong to different parishioners' temples, as opposed to a "marudanke" (one family, one temple system) in which all family members belong to the same parishioner's temple (tetsuji temple). It is also called a "multiple parishioners' temple system" or a "cross-family temple system." It is reported that this system exists or has existed in the past in the following prefectures: Kumamoto, Saga, Nagasaki, Oita, Hiroshima, Shiga, Gifu, Aichi, Ishikawa, Niigata, Yamanashi, Tokyo, and Ibaraki. The types of this system are classified into those separated by gender, those that do not change the parishioner's temple of the family head of the family, those that have different parishioner's temples between generations as regulated by the parishioner's temple of the family head, and others in which the principles of affiliation are completely unclear.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

家族がすべて同じ檀那寺(手次寺)に属する丸檀家(一家一寺制)に対して，家族の内に檀那寺の異なるものを含む寺檀関係をいう。複檀家，一家寺違制などとも呼ばれる。これが現存もしくはかつて存在したことが報告されているのは，熊本，佐賀，長崎，大分，広島，滋賀，岐阜，愛知，石川，新潟，山梨，東京，茨城の都県である。その様相は，男女別のもの，生家の戸主の檀那寺を変更しないもの，戸主の檀那寺に規制されて世代間で檀那寺を異にするもの，その他，まったく所属原理が不明なもの，などに分類されている。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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