…In 1793, Amaga invented the double free piston Amaga pressure gauge, which measured high pressures up to 300 MPa. Meanwhile, in 1797, Nicolas Jacques Conté (1755-1805) was the first to come up with the idea of a barometer using a thin diaphragm, and in 1844, Lucian Vidie (1805-66) created a vacuum box with a corrugated diaphragm attached, and invented a barometer that measured pressure using its elastic deformation. In contrast to the mercury barometer, Vidie named this the aneroid barometer, from the Greek word anēros, which means "not liquid." … From [Pencil]…In France, pencils were manufactured using graphite imported from England from the 17th century, but imports stopped during the chaos of the French Revolution. Napoleon then had Comte Nicolas Jacques Conté research the manufacturing process of pencils, and in 1795 he came up with a manufacturing method that is almost the same as the current manufacturing method, in which clay is mixed in place of sulfur, the pencil is shaped into a lead, dried thoroughly, and then baked at high temperature. With this method, it was also possible to change the hardness of the lead by changing the ratio of clay mixed with the graphite. … *Some of the terminology referenced in "Conté, NJ" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…93年,アマガは複自由ピストン型のアマガ圧力計をくふうし,300MPaに至る高圧力の測定を行った。一方,1797年コンテNicolas Jacques Conté(1755‐1805)が薄いダイヤフラムを用いた気圧計を初めて考え,1844年ビディLucian Vidie(1805‐66)は波状形のダイヤフラムを張りつけた真空箱をつくり,その弾性変形を利用して圧力を測る気圧計を考案した。水銀気圧計に対して,〈液体でない〉の意味のギリシア語anērosから,ビディはこれをアネロイド型気圧計aneroid barometerと名付けた。… 【鉛筆】より…フランスでは,17世紀からイギリスの黒鉛を輸入して鉛筆を製造していたが,フランス革命の混乱で輸入がとだえた。そこでナポレオンがコンテNicolas Jacques Contéに鉛筆の製法を研究させ,1795年には,硫黄のかわりに粘土を混合し,芯の形にして十分乾燥させたうえで高温で焼くという,現在の製法とほぼ同じ製法があみだされた。この製法によると,黒鉛に混ぜる粘土の割合をかえることによって芯の硬度を変化させることもできた。… ※「Conté,N.J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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