Pantheism - English spelling pantheism

It is a philosophy that the totality of all that exists (the world, the universe, nature) is reduced to one, and that this one is God. Mottos such as "One and All (hen-kai-pan)", "Brahman and Atman are one", and "God is nature" are used. Because it holds that the world itself is God, it does not recognize the absolute opposition between God, who exists outside the world, and the created world as in theism, but rather believes that everything is a phenomenon of God, or that everything contains God within it, which differs from deism, which holds that God does not interfere with created things after creation. It has a rational aspect in that it considers God as a universal principle or law that unifies the world, but on the other hand, it easily leads to mysticism by preaching the attribution of the ego to God and the absolute unity of the subjective and objective. It usually appears after a clear concept of God and the world has been formed. It was first seen in the Upanishads and parts of ancient Greece. The pantheistic thought of Bruno, Spinoza, German Idealism, and other thinkers around him in modern Western Europe was established with the intention of eliminating the irrationality of religion and harmonizing it with modern natural science.

[Kenichiro Fujisawa]

"On Infinity, the Universe and Worlds" by Bruno, translated by Shimizu Junichi (1967, Gendai Shichosha/Iwanami Bunko)" ▽ "Aurora" by Boehme, translated by Seiyano Akio (1976, Makijinsha)" ▽ "Ethics" by Spinoza, translated by Hatanaka Hisashi (Iwanami Bunko)" ▽ "Conversations about God by Herder, translated by Ueda Toshiro (1968, Daisan Shobo)" ▽ "Instructions to a Pure Life by Fichte, translated by Takahashi Wataru (Iwanami Bunko)" ▽ "Philosophy of Religion, five volumes by Hegel, translated by Kiba Shinjo (1950-59, Iwanami Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

存在するものの総体（世界・宇宙・自然）は一に帰着し、かつこの一者は神であるとする思想をいう。「一にして全（ヘン・カイ・パン）」「梵我一如(ぼんがいちにょ)」「神即自然」などが標語として用いられる。世界そのものが神であるとするから、有神論のように世界の外にある神と被造的世界との絶対的対立を認めず、すべてのものは神の現象であり、あるいは神を内に含むとする点で、創造以後は神は被造物に干渉しないとする理神論と異なる。神を世界を統一する普遍的原理、法則性として考える点で合理的側面をもつが、その反面で自我の神への帰入、主観と客観との絶対的合一を説いて神秘主義に至りやすい。神と世界とについて明確な概念が形成された後で登場するのが普通である。ウパニシャッド、古代ギリシアの一部に最初にみられる。西欧近世以降のブルーノ、スピノザ、ドイツ観念論とその周辺の思想家たちの汎神論的思想は、宗教の非合理性を排して、近代自然科学と調和させようという意図で築かれたものである。

［藤澤賢一郎］

『ブルーノ著、清水純一訳『無限、宇宙と諸世界について』（1967・現代思潮社／岩波文庫）』▽『ベーメ著、征矢野晃雄訳『黎明（アウロラ）』（1976・牧神社）』▽『スピノザ著、畠中尚志訳『エチカ』（岩波文庫）』▽『ヘルダー著、植田敏郎訳『神についての会話』（1968・第三書房）』▽『フィヒテ著、高橋亘訳『浄福なる生への指教』（岩波文庫）』▽『ヘーゲル著、木場深定訳『宗教哲学』全五冊（1950～59・岩波書店）』

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