Negoro-ji Temple

Japanese: 根来寺 - ねごろじ
Negoro-ji Temple

Located in Negoro, Iwade City, Wakayama Prefecture, this temple is the head temple of the Shingon sect. Its name is Ichijo-san Negoro-ji Daidenpo-in. The three principal images are enshrined in the Daidenbo-do Hall: Dainichi Nyorai, Sonsho Butcho, and Kongosatta. After Kakuban left Mount Koya, he moved here and built various temples such as Enmyoji and Jinguji. After Kakuban's death, in 1288 (Shoo 1), Raiyu moved Daidenpo-in and Mitsugon-in from Mount Koya to Negoro, parting ways with the traditional teachings of Mount Koya, and the Shingon sect was established. From then on, it gradually flourished, and by the end of the Muromachi period, it had over 80 monks' buildings, over 2,700 sub-temples and buildings, including Daidenpo-in, Mikgon-in, and Enmyo-in, and had developed into a powerful feudal lord with a territory of 700,000 koku. During the Nanboku-cho period, the temple began to accumulate warrior monks for self-defense, and its power grew into a military group known as the Negoro-jishu, with firearms becoming an important fighting force. In 1585 (Tensho 13), Toyotomi Hideyoshi's invasion of Kishu reduced the entire mountain to ashes, leaving only the Tahoto (large pagoda), Daidenpo-do, and Daishi-do. The monks of Negoro fled to Chishakuin in Kyoto and Hasedera in Yamato (Nara Prefecture), and established their bases in these places to form the Chisan and Buzan schools of Shingon Buddhism, each of which became a teaching temple that governed 3,000 temples across the country. Negoro-ji Temple fell into decline, but in the Edo period it was gradually restored with the patronage of Tokugawa Yorinobu of the Kii Domain and the efforts of Gojiin Priest Ryuko. Construction of the Tahoto Pagoda began in 1480 (Bunmei 12) and was completed in 1547 (Tenbun 16), taking 67 years to build. It is the largest wooden pagoda in Japan and is designated a national treasure. The Daishi Hall is also a nationally important cultural property. The Fudo Hall enshrines the Kirimomi Fudo, which Kakuban brought from Mount Koya. Other buildings include the Komyo Shingon Hall, En no Gyoja Hall, Seitendo Hall, Honbo, and Daimon. The garden of the Honbo is a national scenic spot. The local Negoro lacquerware is famous.

[Masahiro Nomura]

[References] | Kakuban | Shingon sect | Negoro | Negoro lacquerware | Raiyu
Negoro Temple
On the left is the Great Pagoda (national treasure), and on the right is the Daidenpo-do Hall. To the left of the Great Pagoda is the Daishi-do Hall (nationally designated important cultural property). Nationally designated historic site Iwade City, Wakayama Prefecture ©Wakayama Prefecture ">

Negoro Temple


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

和歌山県岩出(いわで)市根来にある新義真言(しんぎしんごん)宗の総本山。一乗(いちじょう)山根来寺大伝法院と号する。本尊は、大伝法堂(だいでんぼうどう)に安置される大日如来(だいにちにょらい)・尊勝(そんしょう)仏頂・金剛薩埵(こんごうさった)の3尊。高野山(こうやさん)を去った覚鑁(かくばん)はここに移り、円明寺、神宮寺などの諸堂を建立した。覚鑁亡きあと、1288年(正応1)頼瑜(らいゆ)が高野山より大伝法院と密厳院(みつごんいん)を根来に移し、従来の高野山教学とたもとを分かち、新義真言宗が成立するに至った。以後しだいに隆盛し、室町末期には大伝法院、密厳院、円明院をはじめ、坊舎80余、子院堂塔2700余棟を数えるに至り、領地70万石という大大名なみの勢力に発展した。南北朝時代のころから自衛のために僧兵を蓄えるようになり、その勢力は根来寺衆とよばれる武力集団と化し鉄砲を重要な戦力とした。1585年(天正13)豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉の紀州征伐によって多宝塔(大塔)、大伝法堂、大師堂を残し、全山すべて灰燼(かいじん)に帰した。根来の僧たちは京都の智積院(ちしゃくいん)と大和(やまと)(奈良県)の長谷寺(はせでら)に難を逃れて移り、それぞれの地に基礎を置いて新義真言宗智山(ちさん)派・豊山(ぶざん)派となり、両派おのおの全国に3000か寺を統括する学山となった。衰微した根来寺は江戸時代に至り紀伊藩徳川頼宣(よりのぶ)の外護(げご)と、護持院隆光僧正(ごじいんりゅうこうそうじょう)の尽力によってしだいに復興した。多宝塔は1480年(文明12)に着手、1547年(天文16)完成、67年間かかって建立されたもので、日本の木造の大塔のうち最大規模をもち国宝に指定されている。また大師堂は国重要文化財。不動堂には覚鑁が高野山より移した「きりもみ不動」を祀(まつ)る。そのほか光明真言殿、役行者堂(えんのぎょうじゃどう)、聖天堂、本坊、大門などの建物がある。本坊の庭園は国の名勝。当地の根来塗は有名。

[野村全宏]

[参照項目] | 覚鑁 | 新義真言宗 | 根来 | 根来塗 | 頼瑜
根来寺
左が大塔(国宝)、右が大伝法堂。大塔の左前に大師堂(国指定重要文化財)が見える。国指定史跡 和歌山県岩出市©和歌山県">

根来寺


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